1. Presentation, Graphic Organizers, & Activities
Africa’s
GOVERNMENTS
GOVERNMENTS
Kenya, Nigeria, & South Africa
Presentation, Graphic Organizers, & Activities

2. STANDARDS:
SS7CG1 Compare and contrast different forms of citizen participation in government.
Explain the role of citizen participation in autocratic and democratic governments.
Describe the two predominant forms of democratic governments: parliamentary and presidential.
Explain the role of citizens in choosing the leaders of South Africa (parliamentary democracy), Nigeria (presidential democracy), and Kenya (presidential democracy).
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3. TEACHER INFO: CLOZE Notes
The next pages are handouts for the students to use for note-taking during the presentation. (Print front to back to save paper and ink.)
Check the answers as a class after the presentation.
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4. Governments CLOZE Notes 1
Leadership
Background
KENYA
Let’s Review
Africa
As the head of state, the president attends ________________________ and meets with leaders from all around the world.
As the chief executive, Kenya’s president ________________________ and is involved in the day-to-day business of running the country.
Kenya’s president acts as both ________________________ and head of state.
Kenya is currently a democratic republic with an ________________________ and a bicameral legislature.
The constitution also promises to ________________________ in the government and to provide better protection of citizens’ rights.
The new constitution (2010) introduced significant legislative changes, such as a new ________________________ , the abolishment of the prime minister, and having female representation from each of Kenya’s 47 counties.
Kenya has recently experienced ________________________ in its government.
Kenya became independent from Great Britain on December 12th, 1963 under the leadership of ________________________ .
Leader works ________________________
Presidential--system of government in which the leader is constitutionally independent of the legislature; citizens ________________________
Leader works with or ________________________
Parliamentary– citizens elect members of Parliament, and then the ________________________ the leader
Democracy--supreme power is vested in the people & exercised by them directly or indirectly through a system of representation involving ________________________
Autocracy-- ________________________ possesses unlimited power & citizens have limited role in government
Some of these countries have ________________________ , while others are suppressed by autocracies.
Today, there are ________________________ independent African nations.
African people ________________________ in the laws that were made under European rule.
By the early 1900s, ________________________ had colonized nearly all of Africa.
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Governments CLOZE Notes 1

5. Governments CLOZE Notes 2
Background
NIGERIA
Flaws
Role of Citizens
Presidential Democracy
Legislature
How Leaders Are Chosen
Kenya is currently a ________________________ with an elected president and a bicameral legislature.
The constitution also promises to ________________________ in the government and to provide better protection of citizens’ rights.
Nigeria suffered from violence and ________________________ from 1966 until 1999, when a democratic government was finally established.
At first, Nigeria was one of the ________________________ in Africa.
On October 1st, 1960, Great Britain granted ________________________ under the leadership of Abubakar Tafawa Balewa, the first Nigerian-elected prime minister.
Also, because many African cultures view politics as a male occupation, women are ________________________ in Kenya’s government.
Corruption has also been a major problem as many politicians ________________________ .
Freedoms are written into the constitution, but ________________________ by the president.
Much of the decision-making process is made by the ________________________ .
Even though Kenya is a democracy, the citizens do not have ________________________ in the government.
The citizens ________________________ , as well as for members of the parliament.
As a democracy, its ________________________ in voting and elections.
Citizens must be ________________________ , but voting is not required by law.
The president ________________________ from Kenya’s Parliament.
The citizens ________________________ the president every 5 years.
Citizens are responsible for electing members for ________________________ .
It consists of ________________________ — the Senate and the National Assembly.
The ________________________ is the country’s bicameral legislature.
He or she serves a ________________________ and is eligible for a second term if elected.
The president is directly elected by a ________________________ from the people.
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Governments CLOZE Notes 2

6. Governments CLOZE Notes 3
Background
SOUTH AFRICA
Flaws
Role of the Citizen
Presidential Democracy
Legislature
How Leaders Are Chosen
Leadership
Today, the racially segregated government has ended and South Africa is a _________________ .
Until 1994, South Africa had an oligarchy that was controlled by the white ___________________ .
South Africa became independent from Great Britain in ________________ .
Women are ________________________ in the government.
Citizens cannot always rely on the courts to ________________________ and freedoms.
Elections have been afflicted with fraud and ________________________ .
Corruption has been a major issue in Nigeria, as politicians have taken bribes and abused their power to ________________________ .
Nigeria is a democratic country, but it still ________________________ .
The citizens vote for the president, as well as for ________________________ .
________________________, its citizens can participate in voting and elections.
Citizens must be 18 to vote, but voting is ________________________ by law.
The president ________________________ from Nigeria’s National Assembly (legislature).
The citizens ________________________ the president every 5 years.
Members of both houses are ________________________ .
It consists of two houses—the Senate and the ________________________ .
The Nigerian ________________________ is the country’s bicameral legislature.
He or she serves a five-year term and is eligible for a ______________________ .
Nigeria’s president is directly elected by a popular vote ________________________ .
As the head of state, the president attends Nigeria’s ceremonies and ________________________ from all around the world.
As the chief executive, Nigeria’s president holds a lot of power and is involved in the ________________________ of running the country.
Nigeria’s president acts as both chief executive and ________________________ .
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Governments CLOZE Notes 3

7. Governments CLOZE Notes 4
Flaws
Role of the Citizen
Parliamentary Democracy
Legislature
How Leaders Are Chosen
Leadership
This has caused a very ________________________ among half of the country’s population.
Unfortunately, even though Apartheid has ended, much of South Africa’s ________________________ the black population.
Personal ________________________ in South Africa since Apartheid (legal separation of the races) has ended.
People can participate in South Africa’s government by voting for representatives, expressing their opinions on issues, and ________________________ .
________________________ and the Constitution protects citizens’ rights and freedoms.
Compared to Nigeria and Kenya, South Africa’s democracy is much stronger.
The citizens vote for members of the National Assembly (parliament), who then ________________________ .
As a democracy, its ________________________ in voting and elections.
Citizens must be ________________________ , but voting is not required by law.
Parliamentary Democracy – ________________________ leader
This is the ________________________ between a Presidential Democracy and a Parliamentary Democracy!
The political party with the ________________________ in the National Assembly selects the President.
________________________ to the National Assembly, while lower provincial governments appoint officials to the National Council of Provinces.
It consists of two houses—the ________________________ and the National Council of Provinces.
The Parliament of South Africa is the country’s ________________________ .
He or she serves a ________________________ (no more than two terms).
The parliament ________________________ to be the president.
He or she is the ________________________ with the most seats in National Assembly.
He or she is the head of government and ________________________ .
The president is the chief executive who holds the ________________________ .
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Governments CLOZE Notes 4

8. Kenya, Nigeria, and South Africa
Africa’s
Governments
Kenya, Nigeria, and South Africa
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9. Africa
By the early 1900s, European nations had colonized nearly all of Africa.
African people had little say in the laws that were made under European rule.
Today, there are more than 50 independent African nations.
Some of these countries have established democracies, while others are suppressed by autocracies.
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10. Government TYPES– HOW DO CITIZENS PARTICIPATE?
Let’s Review
Government TYPES– HOW DO CITIZENS PARTICIPATE?
Autocracy-- 1 person possesses unlimited power & citizens have limited role in government
Democracy--supreme power is vested in the people & exercised by them directly or indirectly through a system of representation involving free elections
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11. TWO TYPES OF DEMOCRATIC GOVERNMENTS:
Let’s Review
TWO TYPES OF DEMOCRATIC GOVERNMENTS:
Parliamentary– citizens elect members of Parliament, and then the members select the leader
Leader works with or through the legislature
Presidential--system of government in which the leader is constitutionally independent of the legislature; citizens directly elect leader
Leader works separate from legislature
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12. Presidential Representative Democratic Republic
Republic of
Kenya
Presidential Representative Democratic Republic
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13. Background
Kenya became independent from Great Britain on December 12th, 1963 under the leadership of Jomo Kenyatta.
Kenya has recently experienced many changes in its government.
The new constitution (2010) introduced significant legislative changes, such as a new bicameral legislature, the abolishment of the prime minister, and having female representation from each of Kenya’s 47 counties.
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14. Jomo Kenyatta served as Kenya’s president from 1964 to 1978.
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15. Background
The constitution also promises to reduce corruption in the government and to provide better protection of citizens’ rights.
Kenya is currently a democratic republic with an elected president and a bicameral legislature.
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16. The Kenyatta International Conference Centre, in Nairobi, is home to Kenya’s government.
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17. Leadership
Kenya’s president acts as both chief executive and head of state.
As the chief executive, Kenya’s president holds a lot of power and is involved in the day-to-day business of running the country.
As the head of state, the president attends Kenya’s ceremonies and meets with leaders from all around the world.
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18. Uhuru Kenyatta
Kenya’s 4th President
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19. How Leaders
Are Chosen
The president is directly elected by a popular vote from the people.
He or she serves a five-year term and is eligible for a second term if elected.
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20. Legislature
The Parliament of Kenya is the country’s bicameral legislature.
It consists of two houses—the Senate and the National Assembly.
Citizens are responsible for electing members for both houses.
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21. Inside Kenya’s Parliament
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22. Presidential Democracy
The citizens directly elect the president every 5 years.
The president works separately from Kenya’s Parliament.
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23. Role of the
Citizen
Citizens must be 18 to vote, but voting is not required by law.
As a democracy, its citizens can participate in voting and elections.
The citizens vote for the president, as well as for members of the parliament.
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24. Voting in Kenya – March 2013
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25. Flaws
Even though Kenya is a democracy, the citizens do not have too much say in the government.
Much of the decision-making process is made by the president and his party.
Freedoms are written into the constitution, but government is dominated by the president.
Corruption has also been a major problem as many politicians take bribes.
Also, because many African cultures view politics as a male occupation, women are not equally represented in Kenya’s government.
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26. Presidential Representative Democratic Republic
Republic of
Nigeria
Presidential Representative Democratic Republic
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27. Background
On October 1st, 1960, Great Britain granted Nigeria independence under the leadership of Abubakar Tafawa Balewa, the first Nigerian-elected prime minister.
At first, Nigeria was one of the more stable governments in Africa.
Nigeria suffered from violence and military rule from 1966 until 1999, when a democratic government was finally established.
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28. Abubakar Tafawa Balewa, the first Nigerian-elected prime minister
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29. Background
The constitution also promises to reduce corruption in the government and to provide better protection of citizens’ rights.
Kenya is currently a democratic republic with an elected president and a bicameral legislature.
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30. The National Assembly building in Abuja is home to Nigeria’s legislature.
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31. Leadership
Nigeria’s president acts as both chief executive and head of state.
As the chief executive, Nigeria’s president holds a lot of power and is involved in the day-to-day business of running the country.
As the head of state, the president attends Nigeria’s ceremonies and meets with leaders from all around the world.
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32. Muhammadu Buhari
Nigeria’s President
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33. How Leaders
Are Chosen
Nigeria’s president is directly elected by a popular vote from the people.
He or she serves a five-year term and is eligible for a second term if elected.
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34. Legislature
The Nigerian National Assembly is the country’s bicameral legislature.
It consists of two houses—the Senate and the House of Representatives.
Members of both houses are elected by Nigeria’s citizens.
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35. Inside Nigeria’s Parliament
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36. Presidential Democracy
The citizens directly elect the president every 5 years.
The president works separately from Nigeria’s National Assembly (legislature).
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37. Role of the
Citizen
Citizens must be 18 to vote, but voting is not required by law.
As a democracy, its citizens can participate in voting and elections.
The citizens vote for the president, as well as for members of the legislature.
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38. Voting in Nigeria
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39. Flaws Nigeria is a democratic country, but it still has its flaws.
Corruption has been a major issue in Nigeria, as politicians have taken bribes and abused their power to gain personal wealth.
Elections have been afflicted with fraud and unequal voting rights.
Citizens cannot always rely on the courts to protect their rights and freedoms.
Women are not equally represented in the government.
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40. The 2015 presidential election was free, fair, and well-conducted.
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41. Republic of South Africa
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42. Background South Africa became independent from Great Britain in 1910.
Until 1994, South Africa had an oligarchy that was controlled by the white leaders of Apartheid.
Today, the racially segregated government has ended and South Africa is a democracy.
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43. The Houses of Parliament, in Cape Town, is home to South Africa’s government.
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44. Leadership
The president is the chief executive who holds the most political power.
He or she is the head of government and head of state.
He or she is the leader of the party with the most seats in National Assembly.
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45. South Africa’s President
Jacob Zuma
South Africa’s President
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46. How Leaders
Are Chosen
The parliament selects one of its members to be the president.
He or she serves a five-year term (no more than two terms).
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47. Legislature
The Parliament of South Africa is the country’s bicameral legislature.
It consists of two houses—the National Assembly and the National Council of Provinces.
Citizens elect members to the National Assembly, while lower provincial governments appoint officials to the National Council of Provinces.
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48. National Assembly Chamber
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49. Parliamentary Democracy
The political party with the most members in the National Assembly selects the President.
This is the major difference between a Presidential Democracy and a Parliamentary Democracy!
Parliamentary Democracy – legislature chooses the executive leader
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50. Role of the
Citizen
Citizens must be 18 to vote, but voting is not required by law.
As a democracy, its citizens can participate in voting and elections.
The citizens vote for members of the National Assembly (parliament), who then elects the president.
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51. Role of the
Citizen
Compared to Nigeria and Kenya, South Africa’s democracy is much stronger.
Elections are fair and the Constitution protects citizens’ rights and freedoms.
People can participate in South Africa’s government by voting for representatives, expressing their opinions on issues, and running for office.
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52. Flaws
Personal freedoms are more numerous in South Africa since Apartheid (legal separation of the races) has ended.
Unfortunately, even though Apartheid has ended, much of South Africa’s wealth does not reach the black population.
This has caused a very low standard of living among half of the country’s population.
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53. TEACHER INFO: Government Chart
Print off the Government chart for each student.
The students will complete the chart after discussing the presentation.
Check the answers as a class to be sure that all charts are completed correctly.
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54. Comparing African Governments
Directions: Complete the chart below after discussing the presentation.
Country
Background
Information
Type of Government
Executive Branch
How are leaders chosen?
Legislative Branch
Role of Citizen
Kenya
Nigeria
South Africa
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55. TEACHER INFO: Cookin’ Up A Government
Print off the Cookin’ Up A Government handouts for each student. *Print front-to-back to save paper.
On the first sheet, the students will summarize the “ingredients” for each of the 3 African countries’ governments.
On the back, the students will choose one country and write a recipe for the country’s government that describes how it was “made”.
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56. Cookin’ Up A Government
Directions: In the jars below, summarize the “ingredients” for each country’s government.
Kenya
Nigeria
South Africa
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57. Cookin’ Up A Government
Directions: Choose one of the countries and write a recipe for the country’s government that describes how it was “made”. Include several ingredients that were used to form the government. Also, write out the special cooking instructions for bringing the ingredients together
Ingredients: _
___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________
Instructions:
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58. TEACHER INFO: True/False Review
Print off the cards on the following page (or have students quickly make their own on scrap paper).
Project the True/False statements and have the students hold up the correct end of the card.
After you scan to see the students’ answers, display the Answer slide.
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59. TRUE
FALSE
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TRUE
FALSE
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60. True or False?
In a democracy, citizens play an important role because they are able to vote for leaders.
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61. South Africa has a presidential democracy.
True or False?
South Africa has a presidential democracy.
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62. True or False?
South Africa is a parliamentary democracy in which the chief executive is elected by the citizens.
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63. Citizens directly vote for the president in Kenya.
True or False?
Citizens directly vote for the president in Kenya.
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64. True or False?
Women’s rights and government corruption are serious flaws in Kenya and Nigeria’s democratic governments.
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65. True or False?
In a democracy, a ruler has absolute power and the citizens do not possess the right to choose their own leaders.
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66. True or False?
South Africa has one of the weakest democratic governments in Africa today.
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67. In Kenya and Nigeria, citizens elect the chief executive.
True or False?
In Kenya and Nigeria, citizens elect the chief executive.
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68. In South Africa, the president comes to the role by hereditary line.
True or False?
In South Africa, the president comes to the role by hereditary line.
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69. True or False?
In a presidential democracy, citizens vote for members of the legislature and the members select the country’s leader.
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70. True or False?
Kenya and Nigeria are presidential democracies in which the citizens are responsible for electing the president and members of the legislature.
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71. True or False?
In a democracy, a single ruler or party holds unlimited power over the government & its people.
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72. In Kenya, voting starts at age 18 and is not required by law.
True or False?
In Kenya, voting starts at age 18 and is not required by law.
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73. True or False?
The head of Kenya’s government (person with the most political power) is the president.
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74. TEACHER INFO: Triple Venn Diagram
Print off the Venn diagram handout for each student.
The students will compare and contrast the governments of Kenya, Nigeria, and South Africa.
When students are finished, they should trade papers with a partner to check answers/make sure they have enough information in each section.
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75. African Governments Compare and Contrast South Africa Nigeria Kenya
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76. TEACHER INFO: Comprehension Check
Print off the Comprehension Check for each student.
The students will complete this handout at the end of the lesson. You can count this as a quiz!
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77. Governments Comprehension Check
1. In this type of government, citizens play an important role because they are able to vote for leaders.
2. Name two presidential democracies found in Africa today:
3. In this type of government, citizens have virtually no role because all the decisions are made by a single leader.
4. What type of democracy is found in South Africa?
5. In this country, citizens have gained more equality since Apartheid ended in 1994.
6. Describe some flaws found in Kenya and Nigeria’s governments:
7. In Kenya, the President is both the chief executive and the head of state. What type of democracy is this?
8. How is the president of South Africa chosen?
9. Kenya and Nigeria are presidential democracies in which the citizens are responsible for electing the:
10. What is citizen participation like in all three countries’ governments?
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Governments Comprehension Check

78. TEACHER INFO: TICKET OUT THE DOOR
Print off the Ticket Out the Door for each student (two-per-page).
Have the students give each country a grade based on its government.
In the comments section, write why they chose the grade and what things the country can do to improve.
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79. Report Card Report Card
Name:
Name:
Report Card
Report Card
You are the teacher! Give each country a grade based on its government. In the comments section, write why you chose the grade and what things the country can do to improve.
You are the teacher! Give each country a grade based on its government. In the comments section, write why you chose the grade and what things the country can do to improve.
Name: Kenya
Name: Kenya
Grade:
Comments:
Grade:
Comments:
Name: Nigeria
Name: Nigeria
Grade:
Comments:
Grade:
Comments:
Name: South Africa
Name: South Africa
Grade:
Comments:
Grade:
Comments:
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