1. Volume 114, Issue 3, Pages 510-518 (March 1998)
Poly(ADP-ribose) synthetase activation mediates increased permeability induced by peroxynitrite in Caco-2BBe cells 
Michelle Kennedy*, Alvin G. Denenberg‡, Csaba Szabó‡, Andrew L. Salzman‡ 
Gastroenterology 
Volume 114, Issue 3, Pages (March 1998)
DOI: /S (98)
Copyright © 1998 American Gastroenterological Association Terms and Conditions

2. Fig. 1
(A) DNA single-strand break time course in Caco-2BBe cells exposed to peroxynitrite. Caco-2BBe cell monolayers (n = 7) were exposed to the peroxynitrite donor SIN-1 (3 mmol/L) for 1, 2, and 4 hours. The extent of DNA strand breaks was assessed indirectly by measuring the quantity of double-stranded DNA using the alkaline unwinding assay. #P < 0.05, *P < vs. control. (B) DNA single-strand breakage in Caco-2BBe cells exposed to NO and peroxynitrite. Caco-2BBe cell monolayers (n = 10–12) were exposed for 4 hours to the peroxynitrite donor SIN-1 (3 mmol/L) and the NO donor SNAP (3 mmol/L). The extent of DNA strand breakage in cell extracts was assessed indirectly by measuring the quantity of double-stranded DNA using the alkaline unwinding assay. *P < 0.05 vs. control.
Gastroenterology  , DOI: ( /S (98) )
Copyright © 1998 American Gastroenterological Association Terms and Conditions

3. Fig. 2
Time course of ATP depletion in Caco-2BBe cells exposed to (A) SIN-1 or (B) SNAP. Caco-2BBe cell monolayers (n = 6–9) were exposed to 3 mmol/L SIN-1 or SNAP for 0, 1, 3, and 6 hours. ATP was determined by HPLC. *P < vs. control.
Gastroenterology  , DOI: ( /S (98) )
Copyright © 1998 American Gastroenterological Association Terms and Conditions

4. Fig. 3
Concentration of NAD+ in Caco-2BBe cells exposed to (A) the peroxynitrite generator SIN-1 or (B) the NO generator SNAP. Caco-2BBe cell monolayers (n = 6–9) were exposed for 2 hours to 3 mmol/L SIN-1 or SNAP in the absence or presence of the PARS inhibitors 3-AB (3 mmol/L) and INH2BP (100 μmol/L). [NAD+] was determined by HPLC. *P < 0.05 vs. control. #P < 0.05 vs. cells exposed to SIN-1 or SNAP.
Gastroenterology  , DOI: ( /S (98) )
Copyright © 1998 American Gastroenterological Association Terms and Conditions

5. Fig. 4
Concentration of ATP in Caco-2BBe cells exposed to (A) the peroxynitrite generator SIN-1 or (B) the NO generator SNAP. Caco-2BBe cell monolayers (n = 8–9) were exposed for 2 hours to 3 mmol/L SIN-1 or SNAP in the absence or presence of the PARS inhibitors 3-AB (3 mmol/L) and INH2BP (100 μmol/L). ATP was determined by HPLC. *P < 0.05 vs. control. #P < 0.05 vs. cells exposed to SIN-1 or SNAP.
Gastroenterology  , DOI: ( /S (98) )
Copyright © 1998 American Gastroenterological Association Terms and Conditions

6. Fig. 5
(A) Permeability and (B) ATP content of Caco-2BBe cell monolayers exposed to the peroxynitrite generator SIN-1. Caco-2BBe cell monolayers (n = 12) were exposed for 24 hours to 3 mmol/L SIN-1 at an extracellular pH of 7.0 or 7.4. At pH 7.0, one group of cells was treated with the PARS inhibitor 3-AB (1 mmol/L). Permeability was determined by the transepithelial passage of FS acid (492 kilodaltons) and expressed as the apical to basolateral flux of FS acid as a percent of control. ATP concentration was determined by HPLC. *P < 0.05 vs. control. #P < 0.05 indicates a significant effect of 3-AB compared with the response in cells exposed to SIN-1 in the absence of the PARS inhibitor. Groups (left to right) are as follows: control pH 7.4, SIN-1 pH 7.4, control 7.0, SIN-1 pH 7.0, 3-AB, and SIN-1 pH AB.
Gastroenterology  , DOI: ( /S (98) )
Copyright © 1998 American Gastroenterological Association Terms and Conditions

7. Fig. 6
(A) Permeability and (B) ATP content of Caco-2BBe cell monolayers exposed to the NO generator SNAP. Caco-2BBe cell monolayers (n = 12) were exposed for 24 hours to 3 mmol/L SNAP at an extracellular pH of 7.0 or 7.4. At pH 7.0, one group of cells was treated with the PARS inhibitor 3-AB (1 mmol/L). Permeability was determined by the transepithelial passage of FS acid (492 kilodaltons) and expressed as the apical to basolateral flux of FS acid as a percent of control. ATP concentration was determined by HPLC. *P < 0.05 vs. control. #P < 0.05 indicates a significant effect of 3-AB compared with the response in cells exposed to SNAP in the absence of the PARS inhibitor. Groups (left to right) are as follows: control pH 7.4, SNAP pH 7.4, control 7.0, SNAP pH 7.0, 3-AB, and SNAP pH AB.
Gastroenterology  , DOI: ( /S (98) )
Copyright © 1998 American Gastroenterological Association Terms and Conditions