1. George Washington’s Administration

2. Cabinet Article Two of the U.S. Constitution:
The President "...shall nominate, and by and with the Advice and Consent of the Senate, shall appoint Ambassadors, other public Ministers and Consuls, Judges of the supreme Court, and all other Officers of the United States, whose Appointments are not herein otherwise provided for, and which shall be established by Law: but the Congress may by Law vest the Appointment of such inferior Officers, as they think proper, in the President alone, in the Courts of Law, or in the Heads of Departments."
Article Two of the Constitution provides that the President can:
Require "the Opinion, in writing, of the principal Officer in each of the executive Departments, upon any Subject relating to the Duties of their respective Offices."

3. Cabinet
1789  Executive Branch = Pres + VP

4. Contrasting Views of the Federal Government
A National Debt, if it is not excessive will be to us a national blessing.
…No man is more ardently intent to see the public debt soon and sacredly paid off than I am. …I would wish the debt paid tomorrow…
Beware, my dear sir, of magnifying a riot into an insurrection, by employing in the first instance an inadequate force. “Tis better far to err on the other side. Whenever the government appears in arms, it ought to appear like a Hercules, and inspire respect by the display of strength.
…A little rebellion now and then is a good thing, and as necessary in the political world as storms in the physical. …It is a medicine necessary for the sound health of government.
I believe the British government forms the best model the world ever produced, and such has been its progress in the minds of the many that is truth gradually gains ground.
It is her [England’s] government which is so corrupt, and which has destroyed the nation – it was certainly the most corrupt and unprincipled government on earth.
Let me observe that an Executive is less dangerous to the liberties of the people when in office during life than for seven years.
I disapproved, also, the perpetual re-eligibility of the President.

5. Contrasting Views of the Federal Government
Hamilton  Federalists
Jefferson  Anti-Federalists

6. French Revolution in America
Americans supported at first
Treaty of 1778 (Fr-US)
1793  Reign of Terror changed many Americans’ minds
Whereas it appears that a state of war exists between Austria, Prussia, Sardinia, Great Britain, and the United Netherlands, of the one part, and France on the other; and the duty and interest of the United States require, that they should with sincerity and good faith adopt and pursue a conduct friendly and impartial toward the belligerent Powers;
GB!
Neutrality
Fr!
Neutrality
Proclamation of Neutrality  1794

7. “Citizen” Genêt French ambassador to the U.S. April 8, 1793
Arrives in South Carolina
Commissions privateers!
April
Proclamation of Neutrality
May 18, 1793
Arrives in Philadelphia (finally)
Jan. 1794
Jacobins send arrest warrant
Genêt granted asylum

8. Jay’s Treaty
1794
Causes:
Terms:
Results:

9. Pinckney’s Treaty or The Treaty of San Lorenzo
Treaty with Spain
Pinckney’s Treaty or The Treaty of San Lorenzo
(Treaty of Friendship, Limits, and Navigation Between Spain and the US)
1795
Also known as the Treaty of Madrid
San Lorenzo de El Escorial  town in Madrid
The treaty was presented to the United States Senate on February 26, 1796 and after several weeks of debate was ratified on March 7, It was ratified by Spain on April 25, 1796 and ratifications were exchanged on that date. The treaty was proclaimed on August 3, 1796
Treaty was popular because it made settlement of the frontier easier

10. Was the US gov’t strong enough to enforce its own laws?
The Whiskey Rebellion
1794
Federal excise tax on whiskey production
Western PA farmers refused to pay
Was the US gov’t strong enough to enforce its own laws?
Washington organized an army of 15,000 militiamen
Rebellion fizzled

11. Hamilton and the Public Credit

12. Customs, Duties, and Excise Taxes
Tariff revenues would pay interest on the debt and run the government
The first tariff law imposed a tax of 8% on the value of imports (1789)
Purpose was to create revenue and to create a small protective wall around industry
Excise tax passed (1791)
Whiskey

13. Mutinous Moonshiners in Pennsylvania
Whiskey Rebellion (1794)
Lead by distillers who strongly opposed the 1791 excise tax on whiskey
President Washington sent in federal troops
Rebellion ended
About 20 men arrested for treason  2 convicted
Washington pardoned
Legacy
Tax collector

14. Hamilton Battles Jefferson for a Bank
Alexander Hamilton  Bank of the United States (BUS)
Thomas Jefferson 
Hamilton prevailed and the 1st BUS was created in 1791
chartered for 20 years
located in Philadelphia

15. Early Political Parties
Federalists
Led by merchants, bankers, and lawyers primarily in New England
Favored strong central government
Interpreted the Constitution loosely
Government by the elite (wealthy and educated)
Favored the Hamilton’s financial plans
Passed the Alien and Sedition Acts (1798)
Vision for the US  trade center, industry, self-sufficient
Democratic-Republicans
Led by planters, farmers, and wager earners primarily in the South and West
Favored strong state governments
Interpreted the Constitution literally (strict)
Ideal citizen was small farmer
Government by the educated masses
Opposed Hamilton’s financial plans
Passed VA and KY Resolves (Bill of Rights was sacred; )
Vision for the US  agricultural society with little trade and industry

16. Farewell….. Geo. W. left office in 1797 Unity Support for Constitution
Danger of political parties
Public morality and knowledge
Preserve national credit
Danger of permanent alliances
Geo. W. left office in 1797
(died 1799)