1. Microflow fields in the hinge region of the CarboMedics bileaflet mechanical heart valve design 
Hwa-Liang Leo, MSa, Zhaoming He, PhDb, Jeffrey T. Ellis, PhDa, Ajit P. Yoganathan, PhDb 
The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery 
Volume 124, Issue 3, Pages (September 2002)
DOI: /mtc
Copyright © 2002 American Association for Thoracic Surgery Terms and Conditions

2. Leo, He, Ellis, Yoganathan (left to right)
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Copyright © 2002 American Association for Thoracic Surgery Terms and Conditions

3. Fig. 1
Schematic of generic bileaflet mechanical heart valve showing housing, hinges, and leaflets.
The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery  , DOI: ( /mtc )
Copyright © 2002 American Association for Thoracic Surgery Terms and Conditions

4. Fig. 2 Various hinge geometry designs.
The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery  , DOI: ( /mtc )
Copyright © 2002 American Association for Thoracic Surgery Terms and Conditions

5. Fig. 3 Schematic of pulsatile loop.
The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery  , DOI: ( /mtc )
Copyright © 2002 American Association for Thoracic Surgery Terms and Conditions

6. Fig. 4
A, Mitral flow waveform as displayed on data-collection computer monitor. B, Schematic of CPHV 23-mm valve and hinge. C, Measurement sites at four different levels within the CPHV hinge.
The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery  , DOI: ( /mtc )
Copyright © 2002 American Association for Thoracic Surgery Terms and Conditions

7. Fig. 5 Hinge geometry as mapped by laser at primary flat level.
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Copyright © 2002 American Association for Thoracic Surgery Terms and Conditions

8. Fig. 6
CPHV 23-mm mitral hinge flow field at early systole, flat level. Arrows point in direction of mean velocity vectors and are color-coded by velocity magnitude (in meters per second) as given in key at top right.
The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery  , DOI: ( /mtc )
Copyright © 2002 American Association for Thoracic Surgery Terms and Conditions

9. Fig. 7
CPHV 23-mm mitral hinge flow field at mid systole, flat level. Arrows point in direction of mean velocity vectors and are color-coded by velocity magnitude (in meters per second) as given in key at top right.
The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery  , DOI: ( /mtc )
Copyright © 2002 American Association for Thoracic Surgery Terms and Conditions

10. Fig. 8
CPHV 23-mm mitral hinge flow field at early diastole, flat level. Arrows point in direction of mean velocity vectors and are color-coded by velocity magnitude (in meters per second) as given in key at top right.
The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery  , DOI: ( /mtc )
Copyright © 2002 American Association for Thoracic Surgery Terms and Conditions

11. Fig. 9
CPHV 23-mm mitral hinge flow field at peak diastole, flat level. Arrows point in direction of mean velocity vectors and are color-coded by velocity magnitude (in meters per second) as given in key at top right.
The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery  , DOI: ( /mtc )
Copyright © 2002 American Association for Thoracic Surgery Terms and Conditions

12. Fig. 10
CPHV 23-mm mitral hinge flow field at early systole, 190 μm above flat level. Arrows point in direction of mean velocity vectors and are color-coded by velocity magnitude (in meters per second) as given in key at top right.
The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery  , DOI: ( /mtc )
Copyright © 2002 American Association for Thoracic Surgery Terms and Conditions

13. Fig. 11
CPHV 23-mm mitral hinge flow field at mid systole, 190 μm above flat level. Arrows point in direction of mean velocity vectors and are color-coded by velocity magnitude (in meters per second) as given in key at top right.
The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery  , DOI: ( /mtc )
Copyright © 2002 American Association for Thoracic Surgery Terms and Conditions

14. Fig. 12
CPHV 23-mm mitral hinge flow field at early diastole, 190 μm above flat level. Arrows point in direction of mean velocity vectors and are color-coded by velocity magnitude (in meters per second) as given in key at top right.
The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery  , DOI: ( /mtc )
Copyright © 2002 American Association for Thoracic Surgery Terms and Conditions

15. Fig. 13
CPHV 23-mm mitral hinge flow field at mid diastole, 190 μm above flat level. Arrows point in direction of mean velocity vectors and are color-coded by velocity magnitude (in meters per second) as given in key at top right.
The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery  , DOI: ( /mtc )
Copyright © 2002 American Association for Thoracic Surgery Terms and Conditions

16. Fig. 14
CPHV 23-mm mitral hinge flow field at early systole, 390 μm above flat level. Arrows point in direction of mean velocity vectors and are color-coded by velocity magnitude (in meters per second) as given in key at top right.
The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery  , DOI: ( /mtc )
Copyright © 2002 American Association for Thoracic Surgery Terms and Conditions

17. Fig. 15
CPHV 23-mm mitral hinge flow field at mid systole, 390 μm above flat level. Arrows point in direction of mean velocity vectors and are color-coded by velocity magnitude (in meters per second) as given in key at top right.
The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery  , DOI: ( /mtc )
Copyright © 2002 American Association for Thoracic Surgery Terms and Conditions

18. Fig. 16
CPHV 23-mm mitral hinge flow field at mid diastole, 390 μm above flat level. Arrows point in direction of mean velocity vectors and are color-coded by velocity magnitude (in meters per second) as given in key at top right.
The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery  , DOI: ( /mtc )
Copyright © 2002 American Association for Thoracic Surgery Terms and Conditions

19. Fig. 17
CPHV 23-mm mitral hinge flow field at mid diastole, 1 mm below flat level. Arrows point in direction of mean velocity vectors and are color-coded by velocity magnitude (in meters per second) as given in key at top right.
The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery  , DOI: ( /mtc )
Copyright © 2002 American Association for Thoracic Surgery Terms and Conditions

20. Fig. 18
CPHV 23-mm mitral hinge flow field at peak diastole, 1 mm below flat level. Arrows point in direction of mean velocity vectors and are color-coded by velocity magnitude (in meters per second) as given in key at top right.
The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery  , DOI: ( /mtc )
Copyright © 2002 American Association for Thoracic Surgery Terms and Conditions

21. Fig. 19
CPHV 23-mm mitral hinge flow field at early systole, 1 mm below flat level. Arrows point in direction of mean velocity vectors and are color-coded by velocity magnitude (in meters per second) as given in key at top right.
The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery  , DOI: ( /mtc )
Copyright © 2002 American Association for Thoracic Surgery Terms and Conditions