1. What is the job of this life function?
Regulation
What is the job of this life function?

2. Control ! Regulation: Control and coordinate the living organism.
Which body system do you think is responsible for regulation?

3. There are 2 Regulation Systems
1. Nervous System:
Nerves deliver messages
2. Endocrine System:
Chemical messages –
hormones

4. Which System is Faster? Nervous system
Nerves transmit messages instantly.
Chemicals have to travel in the blood and they take time to reach their destination.

5. DO NOW What are the two systems of regulation? Nervous and Endocrine
Which system is faster and why?
Nervous is faster because hormones need to travel in the blood stream and this takes time.

6. Nervous System
Brain
Spinal Cord
Nerves

10. Stimulus  Response Stimulus: Information from a sense organ
Your brain or your spinal cord decide on a reaction
Your muscles or glands respond

11. DO NOW What is regulation?
What are the two systems that do regulation?
Give an example of a stimulus and its response.

12. 2 Divisions of the Nervous System
1. Central Nervous System (CNS): part of the nervous system enclosed by bone and surrounded by fluid.
- brain and spinal cord

13. 2. Peripheral Nervous System
(PNS) all nerves that extend out to parts of the body from the CNS
- like wires in a house
- they are not protected by bone

14. Nerve Cells
Nerve cells are called Neurons

16. What is between the neurons?
Synapse: The space between two neurons.
Neurotransmitters: Chemicals secreted by the terminal end of one neuron and sent to the dendrites of the next neuron.
They carry the message across the synapse.

17. DO NOW What are the 2 divisions of the nervous system?
Central and Peripheral
What is the name of a nerve cell?
Neuron
How does the message go from one neuron to the next?

19. How are cells specialized for their job?
Bone cells have ________ that make them hard to provide _____ & ______.
Muscle cells are shaped _____ so they can ______ & relax.
Neurons have a _____________ so they can ________and ______________.
long
support
minerals
shape
tail and “antennae”
contract
receive and send messages

21. Nerve Impulse
The nerve impulse is ___________ while in the neuron, but __________ when passing across the ___________ to the next neuron.

23. 3 Types of Neurons
Nerve impulse can only go in one direction (just like electricity in a wire)
So, you need different pathways for different directions

24. 1. Sensory Neurons
Carry messages from the sense organs to the brain or spinal cord

25. 2. Inter-Neurons
Neurons connecting the spinal cord to the brain.

26. 3. Motor Neurons
Carry messages from the spinal cord to the muscles or glands.

27. Today’s Objective Measure and record your Reaction Time.
What is reaction time?
Can reaction time be improved?

29. Exit Pass
Complete the pathway of the nerve impulse from when you see the ruler fall to when you catch it using the words provided.

30. Which neurons carry the stimulus?
DO NOW
Which neurons carry the stimulus?
Sensory Neurons
Which neurons carry the response?
Motor Neurons

31. 5 senses Brain Spinal cord Muscle or gland Sensory Neurons
Inter-Neurons
Spinal cord
Motor Neurons
Muscle or gland

32. Reflex Arc
Sometimes a response is needed quickly, so the message goes to the spinal cord and back to the muscle skipping the brain.
This allows for a quicker response.

33. DO NOW
Fill in all the steps that occur in between
Stimulus  Response

34. (medulla)

35. BRAIN SECTION Cerebrum Cerebellum Medulla Largest part of the brain.
Controls voluntary movement.
Receives information from sense organs
Thinking and memory
Cerebellum
Back of the brain. Maintains balance and coordination.
Medulla
Base of the brain.
Controls all involuntary movements.
Blinking, heart beat, breathing, peristalsis.

36. BRAIN SECTION Spinal cord Spinal nerves
Bundle of many nerves extending from the medulla along your back.
Highway into and out of the brain.
Spinal nerves
31 pairs of nerves extend off the spinal cord
Branch out to all parts of the body

37. Which part of the brain is responsible for each example?
1. Balancing on a bicycle
2. smelling a flower
3. heart pumping
4. doing an addition problem
5. breathing faster while jogging
6. walking on a tightrope
7. tasting an orange

40. DO NOW What are the three types of neurons?
What are the three parts of the brain and what do they do?

41. Chemical Messengers called Hormones
Endocrine System
Chemical Messengers called Hormones

42. Endocrine Glands Endocrine glands are the site of hormone production.
They are located throughout your body.
Each gland makes a specific hormone.

43. Endocrine glands are ductless  hormones are secreted directly into the blood.
They travel in the blood until they reach their destination where they will have an affect.
This is called the target tissue.

44. DO NOW What is the difference between a gland and a hormone?
How do chemical messengers travel around the body?

45. Major Endocrine
Glands

46. Pineal Body
Located in the brain
Makes the hormone melatonin
Sleep

47. Hypothalamus Located in the brain Many hormones made
Stimulates the pituitary gland to turn on and off.
Temperature, appetite, blood pressure, and more.

48. Pituitary Gland
Base of the brain
Human Growth hormone
Growth

49. Gigantism Which hormone is responsible for this disease?
Which gland makes it?
Robert Wadlow
8” 11” Largest hands and feet

50. Thyroid Gland Located in the neck below the larynx Thyroxine hormone
Regulates metabolism

51. GOITER
Most commonly caused by iodine deficiency

52. Parathyroid Gland Neck on top of the thyroid Parathyroid hormone
Regulates calcium level in the body

53. Thymus
Located in the upper chest
Makes white blood cells mature.

54. Adrenal Glands Located on top of the kidneys
Makes adrenaline (epinephrine)
“Fight or flight reaction”

57. DO NOW Which gland controls the other glands in your body?
Which gland is responsible for sleep?
Which gland regulates calcium?

58. Pancreas Located in the abdomen behind the stomach
Makes insulin which regulates blood sugar

59. Diabetes
Diabetes is a disease in which the body does not produce or properly use insulin. 
The role of insulin is to move glucose from the bloodstream into muscle, fat, and liver cells, where it can be used as fuel.

60. Approximately 29 million people (9
Approximately 29 million people (9.3%) in the United States have diabetes. 
Unfortunately, 8.1 million people are unaware that they have the disease.
People with diabetes are at increased risk of serious health complications including vision loss, heart disease, stroke, kidney failure, amputation of toes, feet or legs, and premature death.  

61. Symptoms
High blood levels of glucose can cause several problems, including:
Blurry vision
Excessive thirst
Fatigue
Frequent urination
Hunger
Weight loss

62. Type 1 diabetes is usually diagnosed in childhood
Type 1 diabetes is usually diagnosed in childhood. Many patients are diagnosed when they are older than age 20. In this disease, the body makes little or no insulin. Daily injections of insulin are needed. The exact cause is unknown. Genetics, viruses, and autoimmune problems may play a role.
Type 2 diabetes is far more common than type 1. It makes up most of diabetes cases. It usually occurs in adulthood, but young people are increasingly being diagnosed with this disease. The pancreas does not make enough insulin to keep blood glucose levels normal, often because the body does not respond well to insulin. Many people with type 2 diabetes do not know they have it,
Types of Diabetes
Type 1 diabetes is usually diagnosed in childhood. In this disease, the body makes little or no insulin. The bodies immune system destroys the cells that make insulin. Daily injections of insulin are needed.
Type 2 diabetes is far more common than type 1. It makes up most of diabetes cases. It usually occurs in adulthood, but young people are increasingly being diagnosed with this disease. The pancreas does not make enough insulin to keep blood glucose levels normal, often because the body does not respond well to insulin.

63. Ovaries Located on either side of the uterus in the lower abdomen
Makes estrogen and progesterone
The female sex hormones that cause female characteristics and the release of eggs for reproduction.

64. Testes Located in a pouch suspended outside body. Make testosterone
Responsible for male characteristics