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The articular system
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Body Joint Charades - movement, bones, joint
Swing a baseball bat Throw a football Dribble a basketball Do jumping jacks Kick a soccer ball Do push-ups Do “The Robot” Wave goodbye Hop on one leg Jump with a jump rope
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Learning goals I will be able to identify the role joints play in the human body. I will be able to identify the different types of joints. I will be able to identify common joint injuries.
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joints an area or junction where two or more bones meet or articulate.
provide bones with a means of movement have strands of connective tissue (ligaments) that hold the bones together and ensure the stability of joints, keeping bone in place
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Three structural joint classifications …
Fibrous Cartilaginous Synovial
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fibrous joint Some joints are fused together to form immovable joints.
These joints articulate and form sutures.
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Cartilaginous joint Joints are attached by cartilage and allow limited movement. The spine and ribs are two examples.
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Synovial joint Most bones articulate at a variety of moveable joints.
Lubricating fluid and cartilage allow for a lot of movement The human body contains more than 230 moveable or semi-moveable joints.
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Make up of Synovial joint
ARTICULATING CARTILAGE - protects the ends of the 2 bones involved & allows for smooth movement JOINT CAPSULE - fibrous structure that keeps synovial fluid from leaking SYNOVIAL FLUID - lubricates the joint BURSAE - small, fluid-filled sacs located at friction points btw. bones or btw. bones and ligaments LIGAMENTS - tough bands of elastic tissue that reinforce the joint
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Types of synovial joints
There are 6 we will look at in order from least to most permitted movement: Plane Hinge Pivot Ellipsoid Saddle Ball and socket
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1. Plane (gliding) connect bones that glide over one-another in straight line e.g. carpals, tarsals allows limited movement in sagittal (f/e) & frontal (ab/ad)
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2. hinge one bone fits into a groove in the other most common
e.g. elbow, knee allows movement in sagittal (f/e)
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3. pivot one bone rotates around another
e.g. ulnar-radial joint, atlas-axis allows movement in transverse (sup/pro, med/lat rotation)
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4. ellipsoid one bone is convex, the other is concave (but not too deep) e.g. knuckle allows movement in sagittal (f/e) & frontal (ab/ad)
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5. saddle one bone “rides” the other e.g. carpo-metacarpal in thumb
allows movement in sagittal (f/e) & frontal (ab/ad), BUT not circumduction
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6. Ball & socket ‘ball’ of one bone fits into ‘socket’ of other
e.g. hip, shoulder allows movement in all 3 planes (i.e., circumduction)
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Learning goals I will be able to identify the role joints play in the human body. I will be able to identify the different types of joints. I will be able to identify common joint injuries.
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