2. Unprotected Speech: Libel

3. What is libel? Occurs when a published or broadcast statement unjustly exposes someone to hatred, makes that person seem ridiculous, or damages that persons earning power or reputation. Occurs when a published or broadcast statement unjustly exposes someone to hatred, makes that person seem ridiculous, or damages that persons earning power or reputation. Closely related is slander, the spoken form of libel. Closely related is slander, the spoken form of libel.

4. Libel legal process Libel cases are civil suits. Libel cases are civil suits. Anyone associated with the production of libelous material may be sued. Anyone associated with the production of libelous material may be sued. Any printed information can be libelous. Any printed information can be libelous. Plaintiff (person suing) must prove defamation. Plaintiff (person suing) must prove defamation. Award for plaintiff is money. Award for plaintiff is money.

5. What are the five areas that make up a libel case? To win a libel suit, the plaintiff must prove... Statement was FALSE Statement was FALSE Statement was DEFAMATORY or harmful Statement was DEFAMATORY or harmful Statement was PUBLISHED Statement was PUBLISHED Source is IDENTIFIED clearly Source is IDENTIFIED clearly Reporter must be at FAULT (negligence or actual malice) Reporter must be at FAULT (negligence or actual malice)

6. How can I defend myself in a libel suit? A defendant (or reporter) can defend himself against a libel suit if he proves: Truth – Truth – Consent Consent Fair Comment & Criticism Fair Comment & Criticism Privilege Privilege

7. Truth Truth Can you prove facts were true to a jury? Be sure your witness/source will testify to it! Just because you can attribute it to a source, doesnt mean youre safe. If what the source says is untrue, youre in trouble.

8. Consent Consent If someone gives you permission to print a libelous statement about him, he cant sue you later.

9. Fair Report Privilege Fair Report Privilege You may report on newsworthy events and public controversies. The public has a right to know what goes on in public places, especially in court or in the legislature.

10. Fair Comment Privilege Fair Comment Privilege Reporters are free to give an opinion on books, records, movies, etc. This gives freedom to write a bad review as long as its based in facts or on the performance.

11. How can I avoid a libel suit? Prompt Retraction or Correction Prompt Retraction or Correction This is both an ethical and legal responsibility. It proves that your actions werent malicious or intentionally harmful

12. Double and triple check your facts for anything questionable and document that checking. Double and triple check your facts for anything questionable and document that checking. Practice fairness Practice fairness Give both sides of the issue a chance to comment in the story Give both sides of the issue a chance to comment in the story

13. Is libel different for famous people? Regular citizens need to prove the reporter acted negligently or that they were careless or lazy Public officials and figures must prove the reporter acted with actual malice or reckless disregard for the truth

14. Libel Red Flags AlcoholicAIDSBankruptBlackmail Child Abuse Drug Addict Gay HypocriteInfidelity Mental Illness ProstituteScamUnprofessionalUnethical

15. Can you recognize libel? In pairs, discuss the following scenarios and answer the question, based on the notes on libel. Be prepared to discuss each scenario.

16. Scenario #1 A football coach tells you hes benching the schools star quarterback because hes been lazy and stupid. His heads not in the game-hes too busy partying and having too much fun with the girls. Can you print that quote?

17. Scenario #2 A local jazz musician dies. Youre collecting quotes for a profile about her, and one woman says, She was a brilliant pianist, but the heroin turned her into a thief and a prostitute. Can you print that comment?

18. Scenario #3 After a weeklong manhunt, police finally track down Daryl Lickt and arrest him for murdering his wife. In the story about his arrest, you refer to Lickt as the alleged murderer. Is it safe to say that?

19. Scenario #4 In a story about the hiring of a new principal at your school, you interview a teacher who previously worked with the new principal. She says of the man, He was completely incompetent. He never kept accurate records and never supported his teachers. He was a total hypocrite. Can you print that comment?

20. Scenario #5 A coach at the school abruptly quits amid rumors that he verbally abused his players. Can you report that those rumors exist?