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The Physical Geography of Russia
Chapter 14, Section 1: The Land
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Important Vocabulary Chernozem: a rich bank of soil. It can support wheat, oats, rye, barley, and other crops. Southern Russia. Permafrost: a permanently frozen layer of soil beneath the ground. North and east Russia.
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Physical Map of Russia
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Mountains & Plateaus World’s largest country.
Ural Mountains: rich in iron ore, oil, and natural gas. Caucasus Mountains in southwest Russia. Central Siberian Plateau: between Russia and China.
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Plains The Russian Plain: western and central Europe.
Very flat and poorly drained. 80% of Russian population live here. West Siberian Plain: 1 million square miles.
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Coasts, Seas, and Lakes Russia’s coastline stretches from Arctic to Pacific Ocean. Black Sea: warm-water outlet. Caspian Sea: largest in-land body of water. Lake Baikal: Southern Siberia.
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Rivers Volga River: western Russia, 4th longest river in the world.
Siberian rivers flow to Arctic Ocean.
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Natural Resources Vast mineral resources: aluminum, nickel, gemstones, and platinum. Fossil fuels: large petroleum deposits, natural gas, and coal reserves.
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Resources (Cont’d) Only 10% of land can support farming (grains and vegetables). Timber: pine, fir, spruce; cedar. Russian forests are shrinking from commercial logging.
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Resources (Cont’d) Pacific Ocean – salmon.
Arctic Ocean – herring, cod, and halibut. Decline in world famous caviar.
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The Physical Geography of Russia
Chapter 14, Section 2: Climate and Vegetation
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Important Vocabulary Continentality: extreme variations in temperature and little precipitation within a country’s interior. Tundra: a vast, treeless plain. This dominates much of Russia’s landscape.
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Vocabulary (Cont’d) Taiga: a boreal (northern region) forest belt that covers 2/5 of western Russia, and extends into much of Siberia. Steppe: a temperate, grassland region that has dry summers and long, cold dry winters. Located between the Black and Caspian Seas and north of the Caucasus Mountains.
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High Latitude Regions Long, cold winters and short, cool summers.
Yakutsk (eastern Russia): -33F in January and 64F in July. Sea of Okhotsk: average annual temperature below freezing. Russia’s largest climate region is subarctic.
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Mid-Latitude Regions Milder winters and warmer summers.
Where most of population and agriculture is located. Moscow: 9-14F in winter and 66-99F in summer. Harsh cold winters – historical effects.
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