1. Notes Cell Structure and Function

2. Cell –
Smallest unit that can carry out all of the activities necessary for life

3. Number of Cells Organisms may be: Unicellular – composed of one cell
Multicellular- composed of many cells that may organize

4. Cells May be Prokaryotic or Eukaryotic
Prokaryotes include bacteria & lack a nucleus or membrane-bound structures called organelles Ex: bacteria
Eukaryotes include most other cells & have a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles (plants, fungi, & animals)

5. A. Prokaryotes -have NO nucleus and no membrane bound organelles.
Types of Cells
A. Prokaryotes -have NO nucleus and no membrane bound organelles.

6. B. Eukaryotes -have a nucleus and membrane bound organelles
i. Animal Cells
ii. Plant Cells

7. Human cell Bacteria cell

8. Two Main Types of Eukaryotic Cells
Animal Cell
Plant Cell

9. Similarities between plant cells and animal cells
Both have a cell membrane surrounding the cytoplasm
Both have a nucleus
Both contain mitochondria

10. Differences between plant cells and animal cells
Relatively smaller in size
Relatively larger in size
Irregular shape
Regular shape
No cell wall
Cell wall present

11. Differences between Plant Cells and Animal Cells
Vacuole small or absent
Large central vacuole
Glycogen as food storage
Starch as food storage
Nucleus at the center
Nucleus near cell wall

12. Organ = A group of tissues with one or a few functions : heart, lung, stomach, liver, pancreas, skin, kidney, etc.)
-elle = small or tiny
Organelle = tiny organs

13. ORGANELLES
FOUND IN
BOTH
ANIMAL AND PLANT CELLS

14. 1. CELL MEMBRANE – “strainer or screen” (sac around the cell)
a. Semi-permeable - Controls what enters & leaves the cell
b. Protects cell & holds cell together

15. c. Made of phospholipids
d. Also called the Plasma Membrane

16. (jelly-like material)
2. CYTOPLASM
(jelly-like material)
Supports cell parts
Allows cell parts to move

17. 3. NUCLEUS – “brain”
Control center of the cell

18. 3a. CHROMOSOMES
Contains the DNA/genes that direct the making of proteins to make an organisms traits
i. Means “colored bodies”
ii. Chromatin is long thin invisible DNA
iii. Chromosomes are short fat condensed visible DNA

19. 3b. NUCLEOLUS
Controls cell reproduction and makes ribosomes which make proteins

20. 3c. NUCLEAR MEMBRANE
Controls what enters and leaves the nucleus

21. 5. VACUOLES – “storage boxes” (bubbles)
a. Storage of food and water, wastes and enzymes
b. Animal cells have many small ones while plant cells have one large one
Plant Vacuole

22. 6. ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM “bus” (highway)
a. Transport system in the cell
b. Rough (with ribosomes) and smooth (none)

23. 7. RIBOSOMES -Produce proteins for the cell

24. 8. MITOCHONDRIA (powerhouse)
a. Converts stored food into energy for the cell to use.

25. 9. GOLGI BODY – “packaging plant” (post office)
a. Package & exports protein from the cell
Hair, finger nails are good examples of these proteins

26. ORGANELLES
FOUND IN
ONLY
ANIMAL CELLS

27. ANIMAL CELLS ONLY 10. CENTRIOLE
Small part of animal cell that helps in cell division

28. ANIMAL CELLS ONLY 11. LYSOSOME (stomach or garbage collector)
a. Contain enzymes thatDigest or gets rid of worn out cell parts, bacteria or viruses
b. Found in carnivorous plants

29. ORGANELLES FOUND IN
ONLY
PLANT CELLS

30. PLANT CELLS ONLY 12. CELL WALL (square)
a. Made of Cellulose which makes plant stiff
b. Supports plant and protects cell

31. 13. CHLOROPLAST (green) a. Filled with the green pigment chlorophyll
b. Makes chemical energy in the form of sugar from sunlight in the process called photosynthesis.

32. Plant Cell Smooth endoplasmic Vacuole reticulum (free) Chloroplast
Nuclear
envelope
Ribosome
(attached)
(free)
Smooth endoplasmic
reticulum
Nucleus
Rough endoplasmic reticulum
Nucleolus
Golgi apparatus
Mitochondrion
Cell wall
Cell
Membrane
Chloroplast
Vacuole
Plant Cell

33. Animal Cell (attached) Ribosome Nucleolus (free) Nucleus Cell Membrane
Centrioles
Nucleolus
Nucleus
Nuclear
envelope
Rough
endoplasmic
reticulum
Golgi apparatus
Smooth
Mitochondrion
Cell
Membrane
Ribosome
(free)
(attached)
Animal Cell

34. Prokaryotes Eukaryotes Animal Cells Plant Cells Nucleus
Endoplasmic reticulum
Golgi apparatus
Lysosomes
Vacuoles
Mitochondria
Cytoskeleton
Cell membrane
Contain DNA
Ribosomes
Animal Cells
Plant Cells
Cell membrane
Ribosomes
Nucleus
Endoplasmic reticulum
Golgi apparatus
Lysosomes
Vacuoles
Mitochondria
Cytoskeleton
Cell Wall
Chloroplasts
Centrioles