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Phlebographic evaluation of nonthrombotic deep venous incompetence: New anatomic and functional aspects Bo Almgren, MD, Ingvar Eriksson, MD, PhD, Håkan Bylund, MD, Lars-Erik Lörelius, MD, PhD Journal of Vascular Surgery Volume 11, Issue 3, Pages (March 1990) DOI: / (90) Copyright © 1990 Society for Vascular Surgery and International Society for Cardiovascular Surgery, North American Chapter Terms and Conditions
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Fig. 1 Massive reflux through an incompetent valve of the superficial femoral vein on a descending phlebogram. Journal of Vascular Surgery , DOI: ( / (90) ) Copyright © 1990 Society for Vascular Surgery and International Society for Cardiovascular Surgery, North American Chapter Terms and Conditions
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Fig. 2 A, Isolated reflux of grade II in the deep femoral vein on a descending phlebogram. B, Same investigation demonstrating communications of type B between branches of the deep femoral vein and the superficial femoral vein (white arrow) at midthigh level. C, Descending phlebogram showing massive, isolated reflux in the entire profunda system (grade III reflux). Journal of Vascular Surgery , DOI: ( / (90) ) Copyright © 1990 Society for Vascular Surgery and International Society for Cardiovascular Surgery, North American Chapter Terms and Conditions
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Fig. 3 Patterns of the anatomy of the deep femoral vein. For explanation of A-D, see text. Journal of Vascular Surgery , DOI: ( / (90) ) Copyright © 1990 Society for Vascular Surgery and International Society for Cardiovascular Surgery, North American Chapter Terms and Conditions
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Fig. 4 An ascending phlebogram showing contrast filling of the superficial and deep femoral veins. The deep femoral vein shows a type C anatomic pattern. Journal of Vascular Surgery , DOI: ( / (90) ) Copyright © 1990 Society for Vascular Surgery and International Society for Cardiovascular Surgery, North American Chapter Terms and Conditions
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Fig. 5 A descending phlebogram showing a duplicated superficial femoral vein in its proximal part. The main branches of the deep femoral vein enter the superficial femoral vein at different levels (type D pattern). Journal of Vascular Surgery , DOI: ( / (90) ) Copyright © 1990 Society for Vascular Surgery and International Society for Cardiovascular Surgery, North American Chapter Terms and Conditions
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