1. Macro- molecules Functions of Macro- molecules Scientific Method
Properties
Of Water
Macro-
molecules
Functions of
Macro-
molecules
Macro- Molecules,
pH, Vitamins,
& Minerals
Scientific
Method 10 10 10 10 10 20 20 20 20 20 30 30 30 30 30 40 40 40 40 40 50 50 50 50 50

2. Water molecules stick to one another due to hydrogen bonding
Water molecules stick to one another due to hydrogen bonding. This property is responsible for surface tension, which allows insects to sit on the surface of the water.

3. What is cohesion?

4. When water molecules tend to be attracted to other non-water molecules
When water molecules tend to be attracted to other non-water molecules. This property, along with cohesion, is responsible for capillary action (the movement of water from plant roots to leaves, against the force of gravity).

5. What is adhesion?

6. Because of hydrogen bonding, water has a better ability to resist temperature changes than most other substances. Identify this property of water and explain how it affects nearby land areas.

7. What is temperature moderation
What is temperature moderation? Since water does not change temperature easily (it has a high specific heat), it moderates the temperature of nearby land areas.

8. In most substances, the solid state is more dense than the liquid state. Explain why this is not the case with water and how this affects living organisms.

9. In water, the solid state is less dense than the liquid state because the molecules are more spread out due to the long-lasting hydrogen bonds that form when water freezes. This characteristic of water protects living things in lakes and ponds because they can survive under the icy surface. (If the water in living cells freezes, this can cause the cells to rupture.)

10. Water is called the universal solvent
Water is called the universal solvent. Explain what this means and why this property of water is important to living things.

11. Water is called the universal solvent
Water is called the universal solvent. This means that it dissolves an enormous variety of solutes/substances necessary for life. Since water molecules are polar, they can dissolve other polar molecules as well as ionic compounds such as salt and some non-ionic compounds such as sugars that we need to live.

12. The monomers of carbohydrates.

13. What are monosaccharides?

14. Daily Double!!
Identify and describe the process by which polymers are formed by joining monomers together.

15. Dehydration reaction or dehydration synthesis is the process of forming polymers by combining monomers. In this process, a water molecule is removed (an H from one monomer and an OH from the other).

16. The monomers of proteins.

17. What are amino acids?

18. The monomers of nucleic acids.

19. What are nucleotides?

20. Name the three parts of a nucleotide, the building blocks of nucleic acids.

21. What is a sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogen base (A,C,T, or G)?

22. What is the major role of carbohydrates in the body?

23. Carbohydrates are the body’s main energy source.

24. Name three characteristics/ properties of lipids.

25. 1. Lipids are hydrophobic/ nonpolar. 2. Lipids are organic. 3
1. Lipids are hydrophobic/ nonpolar. 2. Lipids are organic. 3. Lipids store energy. 4. Lipids are a component of cell membranes (phospholipids).

26. This type of macromolecule provides dietary fiber, which is necessary for good health.

27. What are carbohydrates?

28. Name one function of nucleic acids.

29. Nucleic acids store genetic information (DNA).

30. Name three functions of proteins.

31. 1. Chemical Messengers 2. Movement 3. Defense Against Disease 4
1. Chemical Messengers 2. Movement 3. Defense Against Disease 4. Structural 5. Enzymes

32. State the ranges of pH for an acid.

33. An acid has a pH of less than 7
An acid has a pH of less than 7. The LOWER the number the stronger the acid.

34. State the ranges of pH for a base.

35. A base has a pH of greater than 7 (between 7 and 14)
A base has a pH of greater than 7 (between 7 and 14). The HIGHER the number the stronger the base.

36. These small organic molecules help enzymes to function properly. (Ex
These small organic molecules help enzymes to function properly. (Ex. C, K, and D)

37. What are vitamins?

38. These inorganic ions are necessary for cellular process. (Ex
These inorganic ions are necessary for cellular process. (Ex. iron, calcium, fluoride, magnesium, zinc)

39. What are minerals?

40. Name the four types of macromolecules and name one property that all macromolecules share.

41. The four types of macromolecules are carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids. All macromolecules are LARGE, ORGANIC molecules.

42. In your Organic Compounds Lab, we used water in one of the test tubes when testing for simple carbohydrates. What was the purpose of using water in one of the test tubes?

43. The water was the CONTROL
The water was the CONTROL. It was used for comparison with the test tube that contained the food sample.

44. Smithers thinks that a special juice will increase the productivity of his workers. He creates two groups of 50 people and assigns them the same task. Group A is given the special juice to drink before they work and Group B is given only water. In this experiment, identify the control group and the experimental group.

45. Control Group = the group of workers that drinks only water Experimental Group = the group of workers that drinks the special juice

46. Smithers thinks that a special juice will increase the productivity of his workers. He creates two groups of 50 people and assigns them the same task – to staple a set of papers. Group A is given the special juice to drink and Group B is given water. After one hour, Smithers counts how many stacks of papers each group has stapled. In this experiment, identify independent and dependent variables.

47. Independent variable = the special juice Dependent variable = the number of stacks of paper each group staples

48. You are doing an experiment to test the effects of pH on plant growth
You are doing an experiment to test the effects of pH on plant growth. Name at least one CONSTANT in your experiment.

49. If you are doing an experiment to test the effects of pH on plant growth, all other variables that may affect plant growth should be CONSTANT, or the same, among all the experimental groups. This could include the amount of water and sunlight that each plant receives, or the temperature in which the plant is grown.

50. You want to design an experiment to test whether the amount of time spent studying for the tomorrow’s test affects the score received on the test. In this experiment, identify what the experimental and control groups might be. Then, identify the independent and the dependent variables in the experiment.

51. Experimental Groups = Groups of students that study for different lengths of time Control Group = Group of students that does not study for the test Independent Variable = the amount of time spent studying Dependent Variable = test scores