1. Open your textbook and read the Agriculture intro from pg
Open your textbook and read the Agriculture intro from pg On your paper you’re using for today’s notes, write down 2 questions you have about the food you eat.

2. Agriculture Key Issue 1 Location of agricultural hearths
Classifying agricultural regions
Use of machines

9. Agriculture:
Deliberate modification of Earth’s surface through cultivation of plants and rearing of animals to obtain sustenance or economic gain.
Began when humans domesticated animals and plants for their use.
Crop: any plant cultivated by people
Cultivate means
“to care for”

10. Hunters and Gatherers:
Today: 250,000 still survive using this method…extremely isolated, on the periphery: Arctic, interiors of Africa, Australia, and South America
Food for survival from hunting and gathering plants. (Paleolithic Era)
Small groups of 50 people, collected daily
men > hunt …women > gathered…evolution of our bodies???
Migrated frequently
Conflict with other groups’ territory kept people apart…sound familiar?
Bushmen of Namibia >> Click languages!!!

11. Invention of Agriculture:
As we watch this, write down a few points that backs up the argument…
“Agriculture is the beginning of civilization and warfare.”

13. Two Types of Cultivation: Vegetative Planting
Vegetative Planting is the reproduction of plants using existing plants, such as cutting stems or dividing roots.

14. Seed Agriculture
Seed Agriculture: reproduction of plants through annual planting of seeds that result from sexual fertilization.
Most commonly practiced today

15. Carl Sauer and Agricultural Hearths
Saur claimed vegetative planting happened first, and then seed agriculture.
In your notes:
Divide your paper into a T-chart. Write Vegetative Planting on one side, and Seed Agriculture on the other.
Read pg about each and look at the maps at the top of pages 330 and 331.
Take notes on both sides. Identify the hearth areas and explain how each type diffused.
Add these annotations and arrows of diffusion to your map
Carl Ortwin Sauer (December 24, 1889 – July 18, 1975) was an American geographer and professor  at the University of California at Berkeley.

16. Agricultural Revolutions
1st Agricultural Revolution (10,000BCE to 2000BCE)
Neolithic Revolution
Knowledge of seeds and animal domestication
Diffusion of agriculture
2nd Agricultural Revolution (17th to 19th century)
Coincides with the Industrial Revolution
Use of machines and steam technology.
Mass production begins.
3rd Agricultural Revolution (1960’s to now)
Use of science!!!
Green Revolution
Pesticides, herbicides
Fertilizer
Hybrids

18. Agricultural Revolutions Primary effects: Secondary effects:
Urbanization
Social stratification (?)
Occupational specialization
Increased population densities
Secondary effects:
Endemic diseases (?)
Famine

19. Origins of Agriculture
Which of these areas are considered cultural hearths?

20. Classifying Agricultural Regions: LDC’s vs. MDC’s
Subsistence Ag:
Production of food for consumption
LDC
Commercial Ag:
Production of food for sale
MDC
Look at the bullet points on pg. 331:
What are the 5 main distinctions between subsistence and commercial?

21. With the person next to you, look at the map at the bottom of page 331 and the map on page Also, look at the picture and the caption on page 332.
Now, make some general observations about what the maps are showing you. What comparisons, contrasts, or ironies do you see? Annotate your map with your neighbor!

22. Agribusiness: “The industrialization of agriculture”
Modern commercial farming is very dependent on inputs of chemical fertilizer, pesticides, herbicides.
Oil is required to make fertilizer and pesticides.
It takes 10 calories of energy to create 1 calorie of food in modern agriculture.
Small farmer can’t buy needed equipment and supplies.
Fewer than 2% of U.S. population works in agriculture in the US.