1. Biological Evolution
Evolution - a change in the characteristics of living things over time
Occurs by the process of natural selection
How does this work?
First….
There are variation in the traits of a population
Traits are controlled by genes

2. Biological Evolution
Some time in the past, the variation probably came from a mutation
Mutation - Change in the genetic makeup of a population of organisms
beneficial
harmful
neutral

3. Biological Evolution -What do all of these organisms have in common?

4. Biological Evolution Adaptations!!!
Bull Shark- bull sharks have developed special adaptations—the way their kidneys function and special glands near their tails—that help them keep salt in their bodies even when they're in freshwater. 
Azalea (plant)-poisonous or foul-tasting substances in them that keep animals from eating them. Their brightly colored flowers serve as a warning
Reindeer- Large feet with two toes and two large dew claws, which spread to distribute the body weight and provide grip. In snow, reindeer use their hooves in a technique called cratering to dig through the snow and find food beneath
Vampire Bat - vampire bats can walk, run, and jump. They have very strong hind legs and a special thumb that helps them take off after feeding. Also, heat sensors on their noses help them find a good spot on an animal's body to feed.
Dart frog - have toxins in their skin. Their bright colors warn potential predators not to take a bite
Short horned lizard - capable of inflating their bodies up to twice their size, resembling a spiny balloon, they shoot blood from their eyes
Emperor Penguins - living together in communal or family groups
Arctic tern - annual migration from its breeding grounds in the Arctic to its wintering grounds in Antarctica, covering a distance of 25,000 miles.
Walking Stick Bug – camouflage

5. Biological Evolution
Adaptation - Trait that an organism inherits that helps it survive in its natural environment.
Two types:
Structural - physical features of an organism, body part, body covering, shape of body
Ex. Fins for swimming, wings for flying, camouflage, mimicry
Behavioral – activities or things organisms do to meet a life need and survive
Can be learned or instinct
Ex. Living in group, migration, hibernation