1. Collision of Cultures – Chapter 1
Unit – New World
Collision of Cultures – Chapter 1

2. Americas Before 1500s Prehistory – before written records
Nomadic people travelled across Bering Land Bridge about 30,000 years ago – one possible theory
Americas became diverse and well-populated
Farming = more settled life and time to cultivate other interests
Huge glaciers locked up massive volumes of wajjter, sea levels were much lower.
Asia and N. America were joined by ice-free, treeless grassland named Beringia. Climate was too dry for glaciers
Mammoth, mastodon, bison, camel, etc.
Hunter gatherers followed
South was glaciers
Warming around 13,000 B.C. Created Pan American Highway

3. Pre-Columbian Indian Civilizations
Mayas
Incas
Aztecs

4. North American Native Civilizations
Hopewell – Ohio Valley (800 B.C A.D.)‏
Anasazis – Southwest
Lacked class structure
Warfare only self- defense

5. Why were the Native tribes vulnerable to conquest?
Large and fatal gaps in knowledge and technology
Disunity – cultural and linquistically
Geographically dispersed
No immunities

6. Early European Contact
Vikings
Leif Erickson and Erik the Red
Greenland
Newfoundland

7. Europe Before 1500s
Middle Ages – Medieval Period – Dark Ages 5th-14th Centuries
Fall of the Roman Empire
Unstable
Feudalism
Crusades -military expeditions to recover Palestine from Muslims exposed Europe to silks and spices, ancient Greek and Roman texts, technical innovations (movable type)‏
Black Death – 1/3 of Europeans died

9. Europe Before 1500s Late Middle Ages
Growing commerce stimulated growth of new towns and markets
Renaissance – “rebirth” 14th-17th Centuries
Time of inquiry
Reformation – Martin Luther posted Ninety-Five Theses 1517

10. Portuguese Exploration
Established themselves as the leaders in seafaring technology
Prince Henry the Navigator – established an academy for exploration

11. Portuguese Exploration
Bartolomeu Dias rounded the tip of Africa
Vasco de Gama – reached India

12. Portuguese Exploration
Bartolomeu Dias rounded the tip of Africa
Vasco de Gama – reached India

13. Columbus Italian Returned home with natives as gifts to monarchs
Won support from King and Queen of Spain
87 men – 3 ships (Santa Maria, Pinta, Nina)‏
Oct. 12, 1492 – reached San Salvador (Bahamas)‏
Cuba, Haiti, Dominican Republic
Returned home with natives as gifts to monarchs
Irony – New World named after Amerigo Vespucci

15. Impact of Columbus
The Columbian Exchange – transatlantic trade brought on by Columbus’s journeys.
Native Americans – devastated by disease (smallpox, typhus, measles, chicken pox, whooping cough)
Europeans – wealth (gold, silver, cash crops)
Africans – enslaved (9 to 11 million West Africans taken to North and South America)

16. Protestant Reformation
Causes
Effects

17. Why is religion important to understanding colonial America?
By the time the English will colonize North America, Protestantism had further divided into many different sects and churches.
Europe was religious chaos.
Amongst early colonists were:
Puritans escaping what they saw as Anglican persecution
Anglicans settling for the glory of God and country
German pietists
Dutch reformers
Quakers
Catholics

18. Treaty of Tordesillas Signed in 1914
Divided land in New World between Portugal and Spain

19. Native Americans Europeans
Native Americans – matrilineal – bloodline decided by mother
Nomadic – hunters
Hunter/gatherers
Farmers
Fisherman