1. Chapter 6 Biochemistry

2. Cooperative Activity: Work together to write what you know about the terms:
Group 1:
Enzyme
Proton
Electron
Group 2:
Neutron
Element
Compound
Group 3:
Atom
Molecule
Bond
Group 4:
Reactant
Product
Chemical Reaction

3. Basic Chemistry
Living things are made up of matter & all matter is composed of atoms

4. Composition of Matter Elements are made of atoms
Elements bond to make compounds

5. Chemical Bonds
Force that holds two or more atoms together
Bond

6. Molecules of Life

7. You Are What You Eat

8. “You Are What You Eat”
Nutrition Facts label
a summary of our basic biochemistry
Why do we need to eat these?

9. Organic Molecules Contain carbon Macromolecules: large molecules
Held together with covalent bonds

10. Macromolecules are Polymers
Polymers are molecules held together by covalent bonds
 Made of monomers

11. Four categories of macromolecules
Carbohydrates
Proteins
Lipids
Nucleic Acids

12. Proteins Subunits = amino acids Proteins differ in:
#, type & arrangement of amino acids

13. What do proteins do?
Enzymes: Increase rate of chemical reactions / lowers activation energy
Ex. Amylase converts starch to simple sugar

14. Rates of Chemical Reaction
Energy is needed to start reaction: Activation Energy

15. What affects enzyme function?pH
Temperature

16. Reactants
Products

17. What do proteins do? (cont.)
2. Transport: Hemoglobin (red blood cell protein)
3. Defense: Antibodies

18. What do proteins do? (cont.)
4. Structure: Collagen, Ligaments, Tendons
5. Regulation: Hormones
Ex. Insulin: glucose regulation

19. What do proteins do? (cont.)
6. Motion: muscle protein

20. Carbohydrates
Provide energy to cells
Subunit =
glucose

21. Types of Carbohydrates
Simple carbohydrates
mono- & di-saccharides
Complex carbohydrates
polysaccharides

22. Simple Carbohydrates Easy to digest Examples: Glucose: simple sugar
Fructose: fruit sugar
Lactose: milk sugar

23. Complex Carbohydrates
Longer to digest
Long chains of monosaccharides

24. Complex Carbohydrates (cont.)
Starch
Glycogen: energy storage
Cellulose: plant structure

25. Discussion Questions:
1. Why should we limit some simple sugars?
2. Why do athletes eat complex carbohydrates before a long run / game?

26. Lipids Subunit = Fatty Acids Insoluble in water but soluble in oil
Important for homeostasis

27. Function of Lipids 1.Energy storage (Fat) 2.Regulate body functions
Steroids: Cholesterol, Hormones (testosterone & estrogen)

28. Function of Lipids (cont.)
3. Provide structure: in cells & waxy coating on plants

30. Saturated Fats Called triglyceride Hard & solid at room temp
Ex. Meat, Dairy, Butter, Chocolate, Animal Fats

31. Unsaturated Fats “Kinked” carbon chain Liquids at room temp
Ex. Peanuts, Fish, Olive Oil

32. Saturated v.s. Unsaturated

33. Trans Fats
Worst type of fat
Increases risk of heart problems

34. Discussion Questions Which type of fats should we eat less of?
Saturated & trans fats: linked to heart disease

35. Discussion Questions
How many calories must you burn to lose 1 lb of fat?
3,500 calories!!!

36. Nucleic Acids
Subunit =
Nucleotide
Two types
DNA & RNA

37. DNA
Deoxyribonucleic acid
Store genetic information
Double helix

38. RNA
Ribonucleic Acid
Helps synthesize (create) proteins