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Initial United States clinical trial of robotically assisted endoscopic coronary artery bypass grafting Ralph J. Damiano, MDa, Walter J. Ehrman, MDa, Christopher T. Ducko, MDa, Harold A. Tabaie, DO, PhDb, Edward R. Stephenson, MDa, Charles P. Kingsley, MDc, Charles E. Chambers, MDd The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery Volume 119, Issue 1, Pages (January 2000) DOI: /S (00) Copyright © 2000 Mosby, Inc. Terms and Conditions
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Fig. 1 A, The Zeus Robotic Surgical System Surgeon Interface Device. This consists of a video monitor and 2 customized instrument handles. The surgeon manipulates the instrument handles. A computer controller digitizes the surgeon’s motions and relays this information in real time to robotic arms. B, The robotic arms are attached to the operating room table and precisely control instrument tips that are positioned via ports within the surgical field. Two arms hold the surgical instruments, and a third arm is used to control the endoscope. The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery , 77-82DOI: ( /S (00) ) Copyright © 2000 Mosby, Inc. Terms and Conditions
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Fig. 2 An intraoperative photograph of the surgeon performing robotically assisted endoscopic cardiac surgery. The surgeon is seated at the console approximately 5 yards from the patient. The operating room table can be seen in the background. The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery , 77-82DOI: ( /S (00) ) Copyright © 2000 Mosby, Inc. Terms and Conditions
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Fig. 3 The positioning of the 3 ports used for the endoscopic anastomosis. A modified subxiphoid approach was used. The middle port was a 10-mm port for the camera. Two instruments were placed through lateral and medial 5-mm ports. ICS , Intercostal space. The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery , 77-82DOI: ( /S (00) ) Copyright © 2000 Mosby, Inc. Terms and Conditions
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Fig. 4 Angiogram at 8 weeks of a robotically sewn LITA-LAD graft. Anastomotic site is marked by the arrow . The angiogram demonstrates a patent anastomosis. The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery , 77-82DOI: ( /S (00) ) Copyright © 2000 Mosby, Inc. Terms and Conditions
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