1. The Functions of Setting

2. Setting – the time, place, and social context in which a story takes place

3. As background for action…
Can be rich and complex, in order to give a sense of life as it was in a particular historical past and to enhance the narratives verisimilitude
Can be minimal or inferred if historical/cultural/ geographical/social relevance is insignificant to the story

4. As antagonist…
Helps to establish conflict. Can be an almost-human, sinister force intimately connected with the characters.

5. As a means of creating appropriate atmosphere…
This engages the reader’s expectations by setting the mood and establishes an appropriate state of mind for events to follow.

6. As a means of revealing character…
Setting can be a metaphor for the character.
A character’s reaction to or perception of setting also reveals character.

7. As a means of reinforcing theme.
Setting can illustrate and clarify the central idea of a work.

8. SETTING
--Setting is comprised of the physical characteristics of a room or a landscape, the time of day, time of year, and/or period of history. --Setting is deliberately created by an author through careful choice of words (diction) to vividly describe the view (imagery), using allusions (Biblical/classical/cultural), similes, and metaphors Read texts carefully, noticing the connotation of descriptive words, the comparisons implied when similes and metaphors are used.

9. SETTING
Authors use the traditional associations connected with the cycles of days and years: spring ~ morning ~ youth summer ~ noon ~ maturity fall ~ evening ~ old age winter ~ night ~ death

10. SETTING
Authors may even manipulate the traditional meanings for a deliberately incongruous effect. For example, to stage a murder in the middle of the bright noon sun is to suggest we have become shockingly and indifferently violent. On the other hand, you will find some very significant, even hopeful events occurring in the dead of winter.