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States of Consciousness Review

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1 States of Consciousness Review
Test Monday

2 The chief characteristic of hypnosis is:
Heightened arousal Increased suggestibility Enhanced creativity Increase clairvoyance Both 1 and 3 20 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30

3 The most frequently used psychoactive drug in the United States is:
Alcohol Cocaine Caffeine Heroin Marijuana 20 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30

4 Stage 2 sleep Stage 3 sleep Sleep spindles K complexes REM sleep
Which of the following sleep phenomena could be detected without the aid of an EEG machine? Stage 2 sleep Stage 3 sleep Sleep spindles K complexes REM sleep 20 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30

5 Which of the following best describes the stability of sleep cycles?
They are innate so they cannot be modified They are innate but can be modified in times of stress They are entirely learned but are difficult to modify They are entirely learned and, thus, may be easily modified They are learned and allow us to change them at our will 20 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30

6 Psychological dependence
The reduction in the body's response to a drug which may accompany drug use is called Withdrawal Addiction Dependence Tolerance Psychological dependence 20 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30

7 Participant Scores Participant 1 Participant 2 Participant 3
Participant 1 Participant 2 Participant 3 Participant 4 Participant 5

8 Substances capable of altering human consciousness are classified as
Narcotics Barbiturates Stimulants Psychoactive drugs Pharmacologic drugs 20 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30

9 The major cause of temporary insomnia is:
REM deprivation Worry, stress, or excitement Drops in blood sugar during the night Poor eating patterns Alcohol use 20 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30

10 Research suggests that the two most basic states of sleep are:
Alpha and beta sleep Stage 4 and REM sleep REM and paradoxical sleep REM and Non-REM sleep Hypnagogic and alpha stage sleep 20 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30

11 Which theory describes Freud’s belief on why we dream?
Activation-synthesis Cognitive-development Physiological function Information processing Wish-fulfillment 20 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30

12 Delta Alpha Beta Theta Spindle
Immediately before sleep the EEG shifts to patterns of larger and slower waves called __________ waves. Delta Alpha Beta Theta Spindle 20 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30

13 Participant Scores Participant 1 Participant 2 Participant 3
Participant 1 Participant 2 Participant 3 Participant 4 Participant 5

14 Which of the following is a primary characteristic of dream sleep?
Irregular heart rate and blood pressure Sexual arousal Rapid eye movements Increased muscle tension Sleep spindles 20 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30

15 Non-REM sleep occurs mainly in:
Stage 2 sleep Stage 1 sleep Stage 3 sleep Stage 4 sleep All of the above 20 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30

16 That there is a need for REM sleep is suggested by:
REM Rebound REM tolerance Eye movements accompanying REM sleep Paralysis during REM sleep Both 1 and 2 20 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30

17 Meditation currently has its greatest value as a(n)
Cure-all counseling approach Combination treatment with acupuncture and massage Tool for inducing relaxation Valuable technique for uncovering repressed memories Way for patients to feel no pain 20 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30

18 Which of the following is a correct match?
Stage 1 - light sleep Stage 3 - alpha waves Stage 2 - beta waves Stage 4 - sleep spindles REM sleep – Pituitary gland secretion 20 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30

19 Participant Scores Participant 1 Participant 2 Participant 3
Participant 1 Participant 2 Participant 3 Participant 4 Participant 5

20 Sleepwalking and talking:
Occur most often in association with night terrors Occur during REM sleep and is therefore rather brief Occur during sleep stages 3 and 4 Is the outward expression of dream content Are dangerous sleep disorders 20 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30

21 If you suffered sleep deprivation, what type of effect would occur first?
Hallucinations and delusions Loss of ability to pay attention and perform simple routine tasks Coma Both long-term and short-term memory loss Both 2 and 4 20 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30

22 A very physically stressful day is likely to increase the amount of:
REM sleep Stage 2 sleep Hypnagogic sleep Stage 3 sleep Stage 4 sleep 20 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30

23 Extensive study of dreams indicates that:
Nearly all dreams are sexual Most dreams are extensions of everyday experience Pleasant emotions are more frequent in dreams than unpleasant The content of dreams usually deals with psychological violence Dreams have no meaning 20 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30

24 At the center of the activation-synthesis hypothesis of dreaming is the need to:
Give expression to unfulfilled wishes Provide an outlet for repressed thoughts Provide explanations for physiological activity Exhibit socially acceptable behavior Describe how we process new information 20 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30

25 Participant Scores Participant 1 Participant 2 Participant 3
Participant 1 Participant 2 Participant 3 Participant 4 Participant 5

26 Nonconscious Preconscious Unconsciousness Sensory memory Attention
As you are reading this question, you are probably not thinking about what you ate for lunch. The memory of what you ate for lunch is most likely in your: 20 Nonconscious Preconscious Unconsciousness Sensory memory Attention 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30

27 Nightmares most frequently occur during:
Stage 1 Stage 2 Stage 3 Stage 4 REM 20 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30

28 Activation-synthesis Dissociation of consciousness Role playing
Monitoring by the hidden observer during hypnosis provides evidence for: 20 The nonconscious Activation-synthesis Dissociation of consciousness Role playing Posthypnotic amnesia 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30

29 Which of the following is NOT true of night terrors?
Night terrors occur primarily in children Night terrors occur during non-REM sleep Night terrors involve anxiety and panic Night terrors usually disappear by adulthood The content of night terrors are typically remembered upon awakening :20 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30

30 Which has enabled psychologists to learn the most about sleep processes over the last 50 years?
Psychopharmacology Lesions EEG’s CT Scans MRI 20 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30

31 Participant Scores Participant 1 Participant 2 Participant 3
Participant 1 Participant 2 Participant 3 Participant 4 Participant 5

32 Throw Back Questions! CH 1,2,3,4,5

33 In psychology, “behavior” is best defined as:
Anything a person says, does, or feels Any action we can observe and record Any action, whether observable or not Anything we can infer from a person’s actions Both 1 and 4 20 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30

34 A Quasi-experiment cannot be considered a controlled experiment because:
Subjects cannot be randomly designed Subjects cannot be randomly selected Too few subjects participate in the procedure Experimenter bias is unavoidable Subjects will guess what is being studied :20 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30

35 Inhibitory Ancillary Excitatory Both 1 and 3 None of the above
When the dendrites tell the neuron to generate an electrical impulse, it is called: Inhibitory Ancillary Excitatory Both 1 and 3 None of the above 20 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30

36 Decibels are to____ as Hertz are to_____.
Wavelength; frequency Pitch; Timbre Amplitude; wavelength Amplitude; Pitch Frequency; Timbre 20 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30

37 Participant Scores Participant 1 Participant 2 Participant 3
Participant 1 Participant 2 Participant 3 Participant 4 Participant 5

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