1. Chapter 9 Intercultural Adaptation 第九章 跨文化适应

2. Chapter Outline Intercultural Adaptation Acculturation Culture shock
Definition
Stages
U-Curve Pattern
W-Curve Pattern
Strategies for:
Modes
Factors
Symptoms
Forms
Effects
Avoiding Culture shock
Engaging in Intercultural Adaptation

3. Definition of acculturation
Acculturation refers to an individual’s learning and adopting the norms and values of the new host culture.

4. Modes of acculturation
a. Assimilation b. Integration c. Separation and segregation d. Marginalization (边缘化)
is a process in which members of an ethnic group are absorbed into the dominant culture, losing their culture in the process.
is a process of desiring a high level of interaction with the host culture while maintaining identity with their native culture.
Separation is when individuals prefer low levels of interaction with the host culture and associated microcultural groups while desiring a close connection with, and reaffirmation of, their native culture. If such separation is initiated and enforced by the dominant society, this is called segregation

5. Modes of Acculturation
high
Degree to which native cultural identity is maintained
Separation
Integration
Marginalization
Assimilation
low
Degree of contact with host culture and micro-cultural groups
high

6. Factors Affecting Acculturation
Communication
Host Environment
Predisposition
Personal Communication
Social Communication
Host Receptivity
Host Conformity Pressure
Ethnic Group Strength
Preparedness
Ethnicity
Personality

7. Chapter Outline Intercultural Adaptation Acculturation Culture shock
Definition
Stages
U-Curve Pattern
W-Curve Pattern
Strategies for:
Modes
Factors
Symptoms
Forms
Effects
Avoiding Culture shock
Engaging in Intercultural Adaptation

8. Text B: Culture Shock
culture shock refers to the traumatic experience that an individual may encounter when entering a different culture.

9. 1. Symptoms of culture shock
physical symptoms
b. psychological symptoms

10. Chapter 2 Cultural Dynamics
a. physical symptoms
Physical symptoms are over-concern about cleanliness of food, bedding, and dishes, extreme stress on health and safety; fear or physical contact with anyone in the new country; great concern over minor pains and skin eruptions; craving “home cooking”; use of alcohol and drugs; and a decline in work quality.

11. b.psychological symptoms
Psychological symptoms are insomnia, fatigue, isolation and loneliness, disorientation, frustration, criticism of new country, depression, nervousness, self-doubt, irritability, anger, and emotional and intellectual withdrawal.

12. Forms of culture shock Language shock Role shock Transition shock
Cultural Fatigue
Education Shock
Adjustment Stress
Culture Distance

13. a. Language Shock
Language shock occurs when we are unfamiliar with the host language. Many socio-relational cues lie in the domain of human language. If we do not understand the language, we lose the ability to adjust ourselves to the new symbolic environment.

14. b. Role Shock
Role shock refers to the feeling of loss of personal status in an ambiguous new environment in which we make efforts to switch our role in order to fit and function well in the host culture.

15. c. Transition shock Transition shock is used to describe the distress
we experience when trying to cope with the
multitude of changes required by the host culture.
It is similar to the state of losing a close family
member, divorce, or geographic relocation.

16. d. Culture fatigue
Culture fatigue is used to describe the physical and psychological discomforts experienced by sojourners trying to adapt to a new culture.

17. e. Education shock
Education shock is frequently used to describe what happens to international students who try to adapt themselves to academic life, especially when the learning situation is new and distressing.

18. f. Adjustment stress
Adjustment stress is a term used to indicate bodily physical tension that signals a person’s readiness to face the challenges of the new cultural environment.

19. g. Culture distance
Culture distance refers to the distance between a sojourner’s culture and the host culture and signals the degree of alienation, estrangement, and psychological distress the sojourner feels as a result.

20. Effects of culture shock
Positive effects
Negative effects

21. Thank you!