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Energy: Forms and Changes

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Presentation on theme: "Energy: Forms and Changes"— Presentation transcript:

1 Energy: Forms and Changes

2 States of Energy The most common energy conversion is the conversion between potential and kinetic energy. All forms of energy can be in either of two states: Potential Kinetic

3 States of Energy: Kinetic and Potential Energy
Kinetic Energy is the energy of motion. Potential Energy is stored energy.

4 Kinetic Energy The energy of motion is called kinetic energy.
The faster an object moves, the more kinetic energy it has. The greater the mass of a moving object, the more kinetic energy it has. Kinetic energy depends on both mass and velocity.

5 Kinetic Energy K.E. = ½mv2 Where: KE = Kinetic Energy m = mass in kg
v = velocity in m/s

6 Calculate Kinetic Energy
How much KE in a baseball (145 g) thrown at 35.8 m/s?

7 Calculate Kinetic Energy
Table of Variables Mass = 145 g  kg Velocity = 35.8 m/s

8 Calculate Kinetic Energy
Table of Variables Mass = 145 g  kg Velocity = 35.8 m/s Select the equation and solve: KE = ½ mv2 KE = ½ (0.145 kg)(35.8 m/s)2 KE = ½ (0.145 kg)( m2/s2) KE = ½ (185.8 kg m2/s2) KE = 92.9 kg m2/s2, or N m, or J

9 Calculate Kinetic Energy
How much KE possessed by a 68 kg female volleyball player moving downward at 3.2 m/s after a block?

10 Calculate Kinetic Energy
Table of Variables 68 kg of mass -3.2 m/s Select the equation and solve: KE = ½ m v2 KE = ½ (68 kg)(-3.2 m/s)2 KE = ½ (68 kg)(10.24 m2/s2) KE = ½ ( kg m2/s2) KE = N m or J

11 Calculate Kinetic Energy
Compare KE possessed by: a) a 220 pound (100 kg) running forward at 4.0 m/s b) a 385 pound (175 kg) lineman moving forward at 3.75 m/s

12 Calculate Kinetic Energy
a) Table of Variables m = 100 Kg v = 4.0 m/s Select the equation and solve: KE = ½ m v2 KE = ½ (100 kg)(4.0 m/s)2 KE = 800 Nm or J b) Table of Variables m = 175 kg v = 3.75 m/s Select the equation and solve: KE = ½ m v2 KE = ½ (175)(3.75)2 KE= 1230 Nm or J

13 Potential Energy Potential Energy is stored energy.
Stored chemically in fuel, the nucleus of atom, and in foods. Or stored because of the work done on it: Stretching a rubber band. Winding a watch. Pulling back on a bow’s arrow. Lifting a brick high in the air.

14 Gravitational Potential Energy
Potential energy that is dependent on height is called gravitational potential energy.

15 Potential Energy Energy that is stored due to being stretched or compressed is called elastic potential energy.

16 Gravitational Potential Energy
A waterfall, a suspension bridge, and a falling snowflake all have gravitational potential energy.

17 Gravitational Potential Energy
If you stand on a 3-meter diving board, you have 3 times the G.P.E, than you had on a 1-meter diving board.

18 Gravitational Potential Energy
“The bigger they are the harder they fall” is not just a saying. It’s true. Objects with more mass have greater G.P.E. The formula to find G.P.E. is G.P.E. = Weight X Height.

19 Kinetic-Potential Energy Conversion
Roller coasters work because of the energy that is built into the system. Initially, the cars are pulled mechanically up the tallest hill, giving them a great deal of potential energy. From that point, the conversion between potential and kinetic energy powers the cars throughout the entire ride.

20 Kinetic vs. Potential Energy
At the point of maximum potential energy, the car has minimum kinetic energy.

21 Kinetic-Potential Energy Conversions
As a basketball player throws the ball into the air, various energy conversions take place.

22 Ball speeds up Ball slows down

23 Conversion of KE to PE and PE to KE

24 The Law of Conservation of Energy
Recall that energy can be neither created nor destroyed by ordinary means. It can only be converted from one form to another. If energy seems to disappear, then scientists look for it – leading to many important discoveries.

25 Law of Conservation of Energy
In 1905, Albert Einstein said that mass and energy can be converted into each other. He showed that if matter is destroyed, energy is created, and if energy is destroyed mass is created. E = MC2

26 Vocabulary Words energy mechanical energy heat energy chemical energy
electromagnetic energy nuclear energy kinetic energy potential energy gravitational potential energy energy conversion Law of Conservation of Energy

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