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Chapter 9 Growth of a Nation
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Triumphs for the Democratic-Republicans
Chapter 9 – Growth of a Nation pp Triumphs for the Democratic-Republicans Came to power in the election of 1800 favored a limited central government viewed Jefferson’s victory as one for the common man
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Thomas Jefferson was the first President to be inaugurated in Washington, D.C., the nation’s new capital.
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Reversing Federalist Policies overturned the Alien and Sedition Acts
Chapter 9 – Growth of a Nation pp Reversing Federalist Policies overturned the Alien and Sedition Acts opposed a standing army and navy repealed the Judiciary Act of 1801 Many midnight judges never served. challenged several sitting Federalist judges based on political differences
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Sought to impeach Federalist judges
Chapter 9 – Growth of a Nation pp Sought to impeach Federalist judges defeated in his attempt to remove Samuel Chase from the Supreme Court
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Jefferson maintained several Federalist policies due to their success.
Chapter 9 – Growth of a Nation pp Jefferson maintained several Federalist policies due to their success.
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Conquering the Barbary Pirates
Chapter 9 – Growth of a Nation pp Conquering the Barbary Pirates They demanded annual tribute in order to trade in the Mediterranean. They raised the annual tribute and Jefferson refused to pay.
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Chapter 9 – Growth of a Nation
pp “. . . it was written in their Koran, that all nations who should not have answered their authority were sinners, that it was their right and duty to make war upon them wherever they could be found, and to make slaves of all they could take as prisoners.”
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Chapter 9 – Growth of a Nation
pp The Tripolitan War increased the respect foreign countries had for the United States.
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Nearly half of American trade passed through New Orleans.
Chapter 9 – Growth of a Nation pp Nearly half of American trade passed through New Orleans.
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Napoleon was planning a New World empire.
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The Louisiana Purchase
Chapter 9 – Growth of a Nation pp The Louisiana Purchase Jefferson sought to buy New Orleans and East and West Florida from France (led by Napoleon). French foreign minister Talleyrand countered by offering the entire Louisiana Territory.
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Chapter 9 – Growth of a Nation
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Benefits of the Louisiana Territory
Chapter 9 – Growth of a Nation pp Benefits of the Louisiana Territory nearly doubled the size of the United States added resources (raw materials, minerals, agricultural products) land for Indians
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Livingston had gone beyond his original instructions when he bought the Louisiana Territory.
Jefferson hesitated briefly before sending the money because the Constitution did not give the power to purchase land for the nation.
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Meriwether Lewis- secretary who explored the Missouri River
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The Lewis and Clark Expedition purpose
Chapter 9 – Growth of a Nation pp The Lewis and Clark Expedition purpose make careful studies on the geology, botany, and zoology of the region gather information on natives they met search for the source of the Missouri River
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Indian guide and interpreter: Sacagawea accomplishments
Chapter 9 – Growth of a Nation pp report on any commercial possibilities seek evidence of British soldiers or forts Indian guide and interpreter: Sacagawea accomplishments discovered countless plants, animals (including the grizzly bear), and Indian tribes spurred interest in the West
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First expedition: searched for the source of the Mississippi
Chapter 9 – Growth of a Nation pp The Pike Expedition First expedition: searched for the source of the Mississippi Second expedition: explored Spanish-held territories Explored the Rockies and the Rio Grande
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Aaron Burr Vice-president in 1800 Killed Alexander Hamilton in a duel Tried to set up an empire in Louisiana and planned on setting up an empire in Mexico Charged with treason, never convicted Died in disgrace
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Chapter 9 – Growth of a Nation
pp Neutral Rights at Sea Great Britain and France were at war and the United States sought to capitalize economically by trading with both.
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Chapter 9 – Growth of a Nation
pp The war developed into a stalemate, so both countries attempted to destroy the other’s economy.
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British and French Actions
Chapter 9 – Growth of a Nation pp British and French Actions Orders in Council: forbade any neutral nation from trading in Europe without first being inspected by Great Britain
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Chapter 9 – Growth of a Nation
pp Berlin and Milan Decrees: threatened seizure of any neutral ships trading with Great Britain or abiding by the Orders in Council
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The Chesapeake and the Leopard
Chapter 9 – Growth of a Nation pp The Chesapeake and the Leopard British sailors were deserting and some were joining the U.S. Navy. The H.M.S. Leopard attempted to search the U.S.S. Chesapeake for deserters (impressment) and fired on it when refused. Created tension
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Jefferson responded not by war, but through an embargo.
Chapter 9 – Growth of a Nation pp The Embargo Act of 1807 Jefferson responded not by war, but through an embargo. embargo: a stop on all exports from the United States, prohibited free trade with Europe
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Chapter 9 – Growth of a Nation
pp Non-Intercourse Act partially lifted the embargo and only restricted trade with France and Great Britain
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Chapter 9 – Growth of a Nation
pp Indian Stirrings American settlers in Indiana came under repeated Indian attacks, which they blamed on the English and the Canadians. Actually, Americans had treated the Indians unfairly with treaties that took away Indian land.
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William Henry Harrison: “the hero of Tippecanoe”
Chapter 9 – Growth of a Nation pp Tecumseh: organized Indian tribes into a confederation in order to stop America’s westward expansion William Henry Harrison: “the hero of Tippecanoe” Defeated Tecumseh at Tippecanoe
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Chapter 9 – Growth of a Nation
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central issues that aroused thoughts of war
Chapter 9 – Growth of a Nation pp The War of 1812 central issues that aroused thoughts of war impressment neutral rights at sea British interference with Indians along the American frontier
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led by Henry Clay of Kentucky pushed for war with Britain
Chapter 9 – Growth of a Nation pp Work of the War Hawks led by Henry Clay of Kentucky pushed for war with Britain pushed for a stronger defense
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Chapter 9 – Growth of a Nation
pp The United States declared war on Great Britain two days after Britain suspended its Order in Council. If communication had been better, war would have been avoided.
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poor communication networks poor leadership
Chapter 9 – Growth of a Nation pp American Handicaps small army and navy lack of funds poor communication networks poor leadership
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James Madison was supported during the War of 1812.
He won the reelection in 1812.
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Fighting the War in the North: The War in 1812 attacked Canada
Chapter 9 – Growth of a Nation pp Fighting the War in the North: The War in 1812 attacked Canada lost much of the Northwest Territory had success at sea U.S.S. Constitution United States Niagara
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Fighting for the Great Lakes: The War in 1813 Oliver Hazard Perry
Chapter 9 – Growth of a Nation pp Fighting for the Great Lakes: The War in 1813 Oliver Hazard Perry built a naval base on Lake Erie forced the British from the Great Lakes Wrote, “We have met the enemy, and they are ours!” drove the British out the Northwest
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Invasions in the East: The War in 1814
Chapter 9 – Growth of a Nation pp Invasions in the East: The War in 1814 the Northeast: British defeated at Plattsburg, NY Chesapeake Bay The British captured and burned Washington, D. C. The British were unable to take Fort McHenry. Francis Scott Key wrote "The Star-Spangled Banner."
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Chapter 9 – Growth of a Nation
pp New Orleans Andrew Jackson: led the American forces in the South and hero of the Battle of New Orleans Battle of New Orleans: biggest American victory of the war (fought after the war had officially ended)
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The American delegation was led by John Quincy Adams.
Chapter 9 – Growth of a Nation pp The Treaty of Ghent, 1814 The American delegation was led by John Quincy Adams. The Treaty of Christmas Eve Ended the War of 1812
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Chapter 9 – Growth of a Nation
pp The treaty failed to settle the key issue over which the war had been fought—neutral rights at sea, but established special commissions to settle future disputes.
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gained international respect
Chapter 9 – Growth of a Nation pp Results of the War of 1812 gained international respect inspired a sense of nationalism, pride and patriotism for America created new national heroes developed much of their own industry
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ended conflict between France and Britain
Chapter 9 – Growth of a Nation pp ended conflict between France and Britain affected both political parties Federalist party died out. The Democratic-Republicans began favoring a strong federal government.
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