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Clifford M. Sales, MD, Michael L. Marin, MD, Frank J

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1 Saphenous vein angioscopy: A valuable method to detect unsuspected venous disease 
Clifford M. Sales, MD, Michael L. Marin, MD, Frank J. Veith, MD, William D. Suggs, MD, Thomas F. Panetta, MD, Kurt R. Wengerter, MD, Ronald E. Gordon, PhD  Journal of Vascular Surgery  Volume 18, Issue 2, Pages (August 1993) DOI: / (93)90599-H Copyright © 1993 Society for Vascular Surgery and International Society for Cardiovascular Surgery, North American Chapter Terms and Conditions

2 Fig. 1 Normal saphenous vein. A, Angioscopic view of endoluminal surface (e), which appears smooth without irregularities. B, photomicrograph in which all three layers of arterial wall are defined (I, intima; Ml, longitudinal muscle layer of media; Mc, circular muscle layer of media; A, adventitia). Combined thickness of intima plus longitudinal muscle layer of media (arrows) is less than 200 μm. (Methylene blue and azure II stain; original magnification × 100.) Journal of Vascular Surgery  , DOI: ( / (93)90599-H) Copyright © 1993 Society for Vascular Surgery and International Society for Cardiovascular Surgery, North American Chapter Terms and Conditions

3 Fig. 2 Sclerotic saphenous vein. A, Angioscopic view demonstrates luminal calcification as defined by presence of plaque or scales (arrow) on flow surface of vein. B, Photomicrograph depicts subintimal fibrosis (f) and calcification (c) corresponding to the angioscopic images seen in A. (Methylene blue and azure II stain; original magnification × 100.) Journal of Vascular Surgery  , DOI: ( / (93)90599-H) Copyright © 1993 Society for Vascular Surgery and International Society for Cardiovascular Surgery, North American Chapter Terms and Conditions

4 Fig. 3 Postphlebitic recanalized vein. A, Angioscopic image demonstrates multiple lumens (arrows) that typify appearance of recanalized vein. B, Light microscopic evaluation of vein depicted in A demonstrates recanalization (r) within fibrosed (f) vein wall. (Hematoxylin-eosin stain; original magnification × 50.) Journal of Vascular Surgery  , DOI: ( / (93)90599-H) Copyright © 1993 Society for Vascular Surgery and International Society for Cardiovascular Surgery, North American Chapter Terms and Conditions

5 Fig. 4 Angioscopic appearance of saphenous vein valve leaflets. A, Normal valve cusp demonstrates thin translucent leaflets (L) with bluish hue. Note tight apposition of leaflets in center of vein (arrow). B, Compared with normal valve, valves in postphlebitic vein demonstrate thick, opaque leaflets (L) Journal of Vascular Surgery  , DOI: ( / (93)90599-H) Copyright © 1993 Society for Vascular Surgery and International Society for Cardiovascular Surgery, North American Chapter Terms and Conditions

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