1. Carbohydrates (2-3)

2. 1. Carbohydrates
A. Organic compounds composed of Carbon, Hydrogen and Oxygen.
C-6, H-12, O-6
B. Carbo = carbon; hydro = water
1. Ratio of 2 hydrogen's to 1 oxygen
C. Carbohydrates exist as subunits called monosaccharide, disaccharide and polysaccharide.

3. Monosaccharide
Simple sugar – ONE (MONO)
Ratio 1:2:1 C6 H12 O6

4. Six carbon monosaccharide C6H12O6 D. Most common monosaccharide
C. General formula
Six carbon monosaccharide
C6H12O6
D. Most common monosaccharide
1. glucose = blood sugar
2. fructose = fruit sugar
3. lactose = milk sugar

5. E. When different compounds have the same number of atoms they are called Isomers.
1. Isomers will have the same chemical formula but a different molecular structure and different properties.

6. ISOMERS

7. 2. Disaccharide – (di = two) C-12, H-22, O-11
A. Two monosaccharide combined
B. example : glucose + fructose= sucrose
glucose + glucose = maltose

9. 3. Polysaccharide – (poly = many)
A. Three or more monosaccharide
Formulas for subunits:
Monosaccharide-
C -6 H-12 O-6
Disaccharide –
C-12 H-22 O-11
Polysaccharide –
C-18 H-32 O-16

10. A. Contains hundreds of glucose molecules strung together.
5. Glycogen - Polysaccharide
A. Contains hundreds of glucose molecules strung together.
B. Glucose is stored in the liver and muscles as glycogen and ready for use as energy.
6. Starch - Cellulose - Polysaccharide
A. Starch produced in plants give plants energy and Cellulose found in plants gives strength to plant cells wall.