1. Classification

2. What is Classification?
Classification is the arrangement of organisms into orderly groups based on their similarities
Classification is also known as taxonomy

3. Benefits of Classifying
Accurately & uniformly names organisms
Prevents misnomers such as starfish & jellyfish that aren't really fish
Uses same language (Latin or some Greek) for all names
Sea”horse”??

4. Carolus Linnaeus 1707 – 1778 18th century taxonomist
Classified organisms by their structure and form
Developed naming system still used today

5. Carolus Linnaeus Called the “Father of Taxonomy”
Developed the modern system of naming known as binomial nomenclature
Two-word name (Genus & species)

6. Classification Groups
Taxon ( taxa-plural) is a category into which related organisms are placed
There is a hierarchy of groups (taxa) from broadest to most specific
Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, species

7. Hierarchy-Taxonomic Groups
Domain
Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species
BROADEST TAXON
Genus and species are the two names used to identify specific organisms in the binomial system of classification. Division is used for plants.

8. King
Phillip
Came
Over
For
Grilled
Shrimp

9. Binomial Nomenclature
Two-word name (Genus & species)

10. Binomial Nomenclature
“Species” is the most specific
Organisms with the same genus/species name = same organisms. For example, we are all Homo sapiens.
Individuals within the same genus, but of different species, are still very closely related

11. Binomial Nomenclature
HOWEVER, do not be fooled by this:
Organisms with the same species name, but NOT the same genus, are LESS CLOSELY RELATED than organisms that share a genus and have different species names
Example: Lions (Felis leo) are more closely related to housecats (Felis domestica) than housecats are to houseflies (Musca domestica)

12. Binomial Nomenclature
Example:
Which choice is most closely related to Acer rubrum?
A. Rubrum acer B. Acer saccharum C. Quercus acer D. Quercus rubrum

13. Binomial Nomenclature
Writing a scientific name:
If typed, it is in italics; if hand-written, it is underlined
Only the genus name is capitalized; the species name is not
Homo sapiens, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, etc.

14. Domains Broadest, most inclusive taxon Three domains
Archaea, Eukarya and Eubacteria

15. Domain Bacteria
Domain Bacteria aligns with Kingdom Eubacteria, which consists of single-celled prokaryotes that are true bacteria.

16. Domain Archaea
Domain Archaea aligns with Kingdom Archaebacteria, which consists of single-celled prokaryotes that have distinctive cell walls (no peptidoglycan) that often live in extreme environments

17. Domain Eukarya
Domain Eukarya includes the kingdoms Protista, Fungi, Plantae, and Animalia.
All members of this domain have eukaryotic cells.