1. Civics and Economics
Goal 6 Review

2. History of Law
Legal Code: defines laws, explains the way laws are administered and the punishments for breaking those laws.
Moral Code: duties and rights of a person as an individual
Code of Hammurabi: earliest form of written law, 1700 BCE

3. History of Law Draconian Laws: associate these with harsh punishments
Justinian Code: compiled by Justinian I, Byzantine Emperor
Landmark English Documents
Magna Carta: Great Charter, 1215, limits the power of the monarch, provides beginning of rights for citizens
English Bill of Rights
British Common Law (custom, not passed by legislature but based on tradition and court decisions)

4. Iroquois Nation’s Constitution
Constitution created between 1100 and 1600s
Iroquois Confederacy—League of Peace and Power
Just know that it was a very early form of governmental organization in North America

5. Development of Law in the U.S.
House of Burgesses: first legislature in the colonies
Mayflower Compact: signed by Pilgrims before landing in America, example of direct democracy
Declaration of Independence
Constitution of the United States

6. Types of Laws
Statutory Law: created by governing authority, written by legislature
Constitutional Law: Law written in the US Constitution
Criminal Law: Penal Law, punishes for committing offences against the state.
Civil Law: Regulation of private relationships among individuals and organizations. Property, Money

7. Types of Laws
Administrative Law: regulations, rules, order, decisions, for the purpose of administrative agencies.
International Law: Rules and principles that cover the relationships between nations or between persons and organizations in different nations.

8. Lobbying
Lobbying: the practice of private advocacy to ensure that a point of view is heard by and supported by the government.
Lobbyist: paid to influence legislation
Special Interest Groups
Economic Interests
Public Interests
Think Tanks
Chambers of Commerce

9. Law Enforcement Regulatory Commissions
Consumer protection…government regulation to protect the needs of consumers
Public Safety
Working Conditions
Food
Implementation and Enforcement of Law
Department of Justice (Executive Branch, Federal Law)
United States Secret Service
United States National Guard
FBI
Part of the Department of Justice
Police for Federal Government
Investigative Branch

10. Knowing the Law “Ignorance of the law is no excuse.” Stay Informed:
Town meetings, public forums and hearings
Mass Media, Press Releases
Franking Privilege (What does this have to do with staying informed???)
Political Debate

11. Addressing Criminal Behavior
Repeated criminal behavior is called recidivism.
Theories about Punishment:
Retribution: Pay for Mistake
Deterrence: Others will see painful consequences of deviant behavior
Rehabilitation: reeducation

12. Addressing Criminal Behavior
Types of punishment:
Incarceration: Jail/Prison sentence
Mental Institutions for those who are found to be mentally ill.
Monetary Compensation: Payment of money or the return of property or Fines
Parole—supervised release of a prisoner before his or her sentence is finished.

13. Addressing Criminal Behavior
Types of Punishment cont…
Probation: conditional suspension of a prison or jail sentence for a fixed period of time.
House Arrest
Suspension: ex. Drivers License
Detention: ex. Juvenile Detention Programs
Capital Punishment: Death Penalty