1. BIOLOGY EOC
REPORTING CATEGORY : 2

2. DNA DOUBLE HELIX
6 A - R
BASE PAIR RULE
A = ____
C = ____ T G

3. DNA Structure and Function
6A - R
MONOMERS

4. 6B - S
GENETIC CODE = the order of the nucleotide bases of a gene for a particular trait/protein

5. DNA REPLICATION Occurs in the __ phase of the cell cycle
Occurs in the ____ of the cell
Ensures every cell has the ______ DNA S
nucleus
same

6. TRANSCRIPTION DNA to mRNA Occurs in the ________ of the cell
6C - S
DNA to mRNA
Occurs in the ________ of the cell
DNA cannot leave the ______
RNA can fit through nuclear _______
mRNA goes to the ______
Which process is next? ______________
nucleus
nucleus
pores
ribosomes
translation

7. 6C - S
Serine
UCU =
AAA =
Lysine
DNA =AAT
RNA=
UUA

8. 6C - S
Translation

9. PROTEIN SYNTHESIS at the Ribosomes
6 C - S
*mRNA codons match with the ________ on tRNA
*Occurs at
the _______
*Amino acids will
bond with ______
to form a polypeptide
or _______
anticodons
ribosomes
Peptide bonds
proteins

10. 6 C - S
PROTEIN SYNTHESIS

11. Protein Gene Expression
6D - S
Protein Gene Expression
Proteins control the traits
Genotype (gene combination you get from parents)
Phenotype (physical trait displayed)
EXAMPLE:
GENOTYPE= EE
PHENOTYPE= three eyes

12. OCCUR WHEN THE GENES OR ALLELES OF THE DNA ARE CHANGED
6E - R
MUTATIONS:
OCCUR WHEN THE GENES OR ALLELES OF THE DNA ARE CHANGED
insertion
substitution

13. GENETICS AND PREDICTIONS
6 F - R
GENETICS AND PREDICTIONS
Scientists us probability to predict traits in offspring.
A Punnett Square organizes information in order to make genetic predictions. B B b
B b
B b b
B b
B b

14. Punnett Squares Genotype of parents (Yy x yy)
6 F - R
Punnett Squares
Genotype of parents (Yy x yy)
Phenotype of parents (green & yellow)
Homozygous Dominant (YY)
Homozygous Recessive (yy)
Heterozygous (Yy)
Genotype of offspring (2 Yy, 2 yy)
Phenotype of offspring ( 2 yellow, 2 green)

15. Punnett Squares are used to organize allele information (meiosis) and predict the outcome of the offspring.
6F - R
PUREBRED CROSS
MONOHYBRID CROSS
DI-HYBRID CROSS

16. Punnett Squares Codominance Incomplete Dominance
6F - R
Codominance
(when 2 dominant alleles are both expressed)
Incomplete Dominance
(when 2 dominant alleles blend – neither is dominant over the other)

17. BLOOD TYPE ALLELES
CO-DOMINANCE

18. Linked Genes and Crossing Over
6 F - R
Linked Genes are located in the same chromosomes and do not sort independently
Chromosomes sometimes cross over during meiosis, resulting in recombination of alleles.
CROSSING -OVER
Leads to
Genetic Variation

19. SEX- LINKED TRAITS
EX. - HEMOPHILIA

20. Predictions and PEDIGREES
6F - R
Predictions and PEDIGREES

21. Mitosis vs. Meiosis

22. Meiosis Division of the body cells into reproductive cells or _______
6 G - S
Division of the body cells into reproductive cells or _______
From diploid cells to ____ cells
Human Diploid # = ____ (body cells)
Human Haploid #= ____ (sex cells)
____ is when two gametes joined to make a zygote
gametes
haploid 46 23
Fertilization

23. HUMAN KARYOTYPE –chart that displays the chromosome pairs of a body cell
6H - S
XY = male
XX = female

24. NON-DISJUNCTION OF CHROMOSOME PAIRS
Notice chromosome pair 21 has one extra chromosome caused by non-disjunction. This is known as trisomy. The disorder it causes is Down Syndrome.

25. GENOME = the mapping of genes on chromosomes

26. 6H - S
BIOTECHNOLOGY
DNA
ELECTROPHORESIS