1. RNA and Transcription

2. Ribonucleic Acid
Single nucleotide strand
Sugar: Ribose

3. Ribonucleic Acid Single nucleotide strand Sugar: Ribose 4 Bases:
A: Adenine
G: Guanine
C: Cytosine
U: Uracil
U replaces T
Three Types of RNA

4. Messenger RNA
Nucleus
Ribosome
mRNA
Function: Copies the DNA code and moves to a ribosome
Allows ribosome to create a protein
Location: Starts in nucleus… moves to ribosome

5. Transfer RNA
Amino acid
Proline
Amino acid
Serine
Amino acid
Leucine
Ribosome
tRNA
Function: Transfers amino acids from the cytoplasm to a ribosome
Ribosome will link amino acids together to form a protein
Location: Cytoplasm

6. Ribosomal RNA
rRNA
Function: components of ribosomes

7. Transcription A T T C C G A T C G T G A C G T T G C A A C A G T
T A A G G C T A G C A C T G C A A C G T T G T C A
Defined: Process of making RNA from DNA
Step 1: RNA Polymerase separates the DNA helix

8. Transcription A T T C C G A T C G T G A C G T T G C A A C A G T U A A
T A A G G C T A G C A C T G C A A C G T T G T C A
Defined: Process of making RNA from DNA
Step 2: Free floating RNA nucleotides match with the DNA
Reminder: U replaces T

9. Transcription A T T C C G A T C G T G A C G T T G C A A C A G T U A c
T A A G G C T A G C A C T G C A A C G T T G T C A
Defined: Process of making RNA from DNA
Step 3: RNA breaks free

10. Transcription U A c g U C A G u c g U C A G
A T T C C G A T C G T G A C G T T G C A A C A G T
T A A G G C T A G C A C T G C A A C G T T G T C A
Defined: Process of making RNA from DNA
Step 4: RNA processing takes place
Introns (unused portions) removed
Exons (used portions) bond together
Key:
Uppercase = Exons
Lowercase = introns

11. Transcription U A U A A U A G C A C C G U U G U C A U C A G U C A G
A T T C C G A T C G T G A C G T T G C A A C A G T
T A A G G C T A G C A C T G C A A C G T T G T C A
Defined: Process of making RNA from DNA
Step 4: RNA processing takes place
Introns (unused portions) removed
Exons (used portions) bond together
Key:
Uppercase = Exons
Lowercase = introns

12. Transcription U A A U A G C A C C G U U G U C A
A T T C C G A T C G T G A C G T T G C A A C A G T
T A A G G C T A G C A C T G C A A C G T T G T C A
Defined: Process of making RNA from DNA
Step 5: Final RNA strand travels to ribosome

13. Let’s go find the RNA that exited…
Transcription
A T T C C G A T C G T G A C G T T G C A A C A G T
T A A G G C T A G C A C T G C A A C G T T G T C A
Defined: Process of making RNA from DNA
Step 6: DNA recombines to be used again
Let’s go find the RNA that exited…

14. Still inside the nucleus…
Nothing yet… lets keep looking

15. This mRNA will exit the nucleus and enter into the cytoplasm
Nucleus Cytoplasm
U A A U A G C A C C G U U G U C A
This mRNA will exit the nucleus and enter into the cytoplasm

16. Cytoplasm Ribosome U A A U A G C A C C G U U G U C A
Now that the ribosome has the proper instructions, it can begin to create a protein.
Translation: the process of a ribosome building a protein

17. Transcription Animation

18. Transcription Video

19. DNA vs. RNA Double Stranded Sugar: Deoxyribose Bases: A T C G
Location: Nucleus
Single strand
Sugar: Ribose
Bases: A U C G
Location: Nucleus & Cytoplasm

20. Quiz Name three different ways that DNA and RNA differ. Which RNA:
is found inside the nucleus?
transports amino acids to the ribosome?
exits the nucleus to the ribosome?
copies the DNA code?
makes up the structure of ribosomes?
What is the function of a ribosome?
Which process creates RNA?
Which process creates proteins?
Perform transcription by using the following piece of DNA. Introns are underlined. Write the final strand of mRNA created.
T A C C G T A C A A T G G G A T C