1. Media Regulation:
Broadcast/Cable
Newspapers

2. Newspapers: 20th Century
1972: Newspaper Preservation Act (Joint Operating Agreements to bolster local competition)

3. The call for radio regulation
Titanic:
The call for radio regulation

4. Radio Act of 1927 Communication Act of 1934
1.Broadcasting is a unique medium: not a common carrier
2. Spectrum: Use, but not the ownership thereof: Public Interest, Convenience, and Necessity (PICON)
3. Equitable Distribution
4. Federal power to regulate is discretionary, not absolute
5. F.R.C. (1927)
F.C.C. (1934)

5. Issues in Broadcast Regulation
1. Networks/Affiliates (NBC v. US)
2. Licensing: Brinkley v. FCC Metro v. FCC
Ownership (All subject to waiver) Local Radio (5-8 per market) Local TV (2 per market) Radio/TV Cross-Ownership (permitted) Newspaper/Broadcast Cross-Ownership (proposed in 2003, rejected under public pressure)

6. Cable Television Policy
CATV/Cable as TV retransmission ( FCC authority over cable programming)
Cable Communications Policy Act of 1984
Cable Television Consumer Protection and Competition Act of 1992
Telecommunications Act of 1996

8. Fairness Doctrine Red Lion, Meredith Section 315 (Equal Time)
Section 312 (a) (7) “Reasonable Time”
License Standard: PICON
First Amendment