1. CHAPTER 2 MATTER AND CHANGE:

2. 2.1 PROPERTIES OF MATTER
Describe matter by looking!
Extensive Properties – depends on the amount of matter in a sample
examples- volume and mass
b. Intensive Properties – depends on the type of matter in a sample
example – bowling ball

3. Identifying Substances:
Substance: matter that has a uniform and definite composition
Physical property: the quality of a sample that can be observed or measured without changing the substance’s composition.
Hardness
Color
Malleability
Conductivity
Ductile

4. STATES OF MATTER
Solid – definite shape definite volume – atoms vibrate in fixed position
Liquid – indefinite shape definite volume – atoms are in close contact but not rigid
Gas – takes shape and volume of container – atoms are active and far apart
As energy in the substance increases the atoms motion increases!
What is the difference between gas and vapor?

5. PHYSICAL CHANGES
Properties of a material change but the composition remains the same.
Freeze
Melt
Condense
Break
Split
Grind
Evaporate
Sublimate
How can physical changes be reversible or irreversible?

6. 2.2 MIXTURES
Mixture – a physical blend of two or more substances
Heterogeneous – uneven mixture composition
Homogeneous – even mixture composition
What is a phase?

7. SEPERATING MIXTURES
Filtration
Distillation
Magnetism

8. 2.3 ELEMENTS AND COMPOUNDS
Element – simplest form of matter and cannot be broken down into simpler substances.
Compound – a substance that contains two or more elements chemically combined in a fixed proportion and it can be broken down into simpler substances by chemical means

9. Chemical Change:
If a substance takes on new properties from the combination or separation of element in the substance
Heat is a good catalyst – what is a catalyst?
What might give you a clue a chemical change has occurred?

10. SYMBOLS AND FORMULAS
Symbols – one or two letters used to identify an element
Formulas – a shorthand way to identify a compound or molecule

11. CONSERVATION OF MASS
The mass of the product always equals the mass of the reactants
so in any physical or chemical change mass is conserved.