1. The Holocaust
Chapter 16, Section 2

2. What was the Holocaust?
Holocaust – the systematic murder of 11 million Europeans
½ were Jews
Anti-Semitism – hatred of Jewish people

3. Jews were targeted
Because of wide-spread anti-Semitism, it was easy for Hitler to make Jews the scapegoat for World War I
Hitler Claimed:
Jews were responsible for Germany’s defeat in World War I
Responsible for economic depression after the War

4. Nuremberg Laws 1935 – Germany passed Nuremberg Laws
Took away Jews’ citizenship, jobs, and property
Forced Jews to wear a Yellow Star so they could be easily identified.

5. Kristallnacht Nov 9-10, 1938 Kristallnacht “Night of the Broken Glass”
Germans attacked Jewish homes, businesses, and synagogues.
Vandalized and broke windows.

9. Where do the Jews go?
European countries feared backlash of anti-Semitism, and didn’t want to take Jewish refugees.
America didn’t want too many Jews
Violated Immigration Laws
Feared would add to unemployment of the Great Depression

10. The Final Solution
“Final Solution” – Hitler’s policy of genocide to preserve the Aryan (master race)
Hitler used his special Nazi ‘Death Squads’ (SS officers) to round up Jews and shot them on the spot.
Genocide – deliberate and systematic killing of an entire population

11. The Final Solution Forced Jews to relocate into crowded Ghettos
Ghetto – area segregated for Jewish citizens to live and work before being transported to concentration camps

13. Final Solution
Jews were tattooed with identification numbers

14. The Final Solution
Concentration Camps – labor camps where Jews were forced to work in slave conditions

15. Concentration Camps

18. Concentration Camps

19. The Final Solution
Auschwitz - largest death camp where Jews were sent to be killed
Gassed
Hanged
Shot
Injected with poison
Medical experiments

20. Auschwitz

21. Auschwitz

22. Auschwitz

23. "A few of the thousands of wedding rings the Germans removed from their victims to salvage the gold. U.S. troops found rings, watches, precious stones, eyeglasses, and gold fillings, near Buchenwald concentration camp.”

24. The Holocaust

25. America Moves Toward War
Chapter 16
Section 4

26. Cash and Carry
Sept 1939 – America starts a policy called “Cash and Carry”
Allowed warring countries to buy weapons if they paid cash and used their own ships to transport them.

27. Axis Powers Sept 27, 1939 - Axis Powers formed
Tripartite Pact – mutual defense agreement between Germany, Italy, and Japan
Meant to keep the US out of war because it promised enemies in both oceans.

29. American Response
United States starts its first peacetime draft with the Selective Service Act
Roosevelt labels America “Arsenal of Democracy”
Provider of weapons and resources for democratic governments to help fight totalitarianism.

30. Lend Lease Act March 1941 – Congress passes Lend-Lease Act
Allows the US to lend supplies and weapons to countries whose defense was “vital to the United States.”

32. US finds ally in Soviet Union
June 1941 – Hitler breaks non-aggression pact and invades Soviet Union
US expanded Lend-Lease to the Soviet Union.
“Enemy of my enemy is my friend”
“If Hitler invaded Hell, the British would be prepared to work with the devil, himself”
- Winston Churchill

33. US and Great Britain make a pact
Roosevelt and Churchill secretly
Sign the Atlantic Charter
Collective security
Disarmament
Self-determination
Economic Cooperation
Freedom of the Seas
Allies – nations that fought the Axis Powers

34. Atlantic Charter Conference

35. Germany pushes US to war
End of 1941 – Germans attack 4 US ships, killing many Americans
Provoking US to pose themselves for War.

36. Japan deals a blow
July 1937 – Hideki Tojo led Japanese invasion of China
Europe was too busy to stop Japanese expansion
US was the only thing in Japan’s way
US cut off trade with Japan when it invaded Indochina.
Japan needed oil supply from the US.

37. Pearl Harbor
Oct 5, 1941 – Japan started preparing for naval attack on the United States
US intercepted messages and broke code.
Dec 6, 1941 – Japan rejects peace with US
Dec 7, 1941 – Japanese aircraft attack US naval base in Pearl Harbor, Hawaii

40. Pearl Harbor 180 planes wage 1 ½ hour attack on Pearl Harbor
2403 Americans killed
1178 Americans injured
Damaged 8 warships
Damaged 300 aircraft

41. Pearl Harbor

42. Pearl Harbor
“December 7, 1941, a date which will live in infamy, [the Japanese launched] an unprovoked and dastardly attack.”
- Franklin Roosevelt

43. Pearl Harbor
Brought many isolationists in favor of an all-out American effort
Pushed the US into World War II