1. UNDERSTANDING ITS FOUNDATIONS AND ITS COMPLEXITIES
SOCIETY
UNDERSTANDING ITS FOUNDATIONS AND ITS COMPLEXITIES

2. 1. CULTURE
Material
Non-Material

3. The Social Behaviors we most commonly expect to encounter
2. NORMS
The Social Behaviors we most commonly expect to encounter

4. LEVELS OF NORMS
Morés
Customs
Folkways

5. NEGATIVE RESPONSES FOR FAILURE TO CONFORM TO NORMS
Sanctions
Stigma

6. SOCIETIES ARE DIVERSE
Encounters between diverse social groups lead to social responses that may be positive or negative in their impact

7. CULTURE SHOCK
Encountering Behavior so different from the norm it is difficult to understand or accept

8. CULTURAL RELATIVISM
Analysis in which judgment emerges finding behavior that is acceptable in one society may not be acceptable in others

9. ETHNOCENTRIC COMPARISON AND JUDGMENT
Comparing cultures using one’s own culture as the standard for comparison

10. A Product of Culture Shock, Relativism and Ethnocentric Judgment
BLAME ANALYSIS
A Product of Culture Shock, Relativism and Ethnocentric Judgment
Blaming Those Who are Visible and Different

11. All of the Preceding are essential to understanding the Development of Society, and understanding processes of
Socialization

12. The process(es) of learning to be a member of society;
SOCIALIZATION
The process(es) of learning to be a member of society;
a social performer

13. THE SOCIALIZATION PROCESS Lifelong Complex
Product of Numerous and Diverse Variables

14. VARIABLES OF THE SOCIALIZATION PROCESS
INDIVIDUAL
AGENCY

15. INDIVIDUAL
COMPONENTS OF SELF

16. Unique Individual Experience
Gender
Age
Race
Ethnicity
Unique Individual Experience

17. Structural Forces with Authority and Power
AGENCY
Structural Forces with Authority and Power

18. LAW ENFORCEMENT
FAMILY
EDUCATION SYSTEM
LAW – GOVERNMENT / DMV
CORPORATE STRUCTURES
MASS MEDIA
RELIGION
HEALTH CARE SYSTEM

19. STRATIFICATION – DIVISION OF SOCIETY INTO MEASURABLE LAYERS
CLASS
STATUS

20. STRATIFICATION AND CLASS
The Measurable Division of Society

21. Two Primary Questions to Address:
Why does stratification occur?
How does stratification occur?

22. SOCIO-HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE
Slavery
Caste
Estate System
Social Class System

23. ECONOMICALLY BASED SOCIAL CLASS
POSITION WITHIN THE SOCIAL CLASS SYSTEM IS:
FLUID
ACHIEVED
ECONOMICALLY BASED
LARGE SCALE AND IMPERSONAL

24. THE REALITY OF SOCIAL CLASS
CLASS DIVISIONS ARE REAL, ARE POWERFUL IN THEIR SOCIAL IMPACT, AND ARE MEASURED BY:
INCOME
PERSONAL WEALTH

25. DIVISION BY INCOME INCOME CHANGE SINCE 1999:
WEALTHIEST 1% SAW INCOME RISE AVG. OF 9%
BOTTOM 20% SAW INCOME DECLINE 2.5%
MIDDLE 20% SAW INCOME RISE 1.3%

26. DIVISION BY INCOME INCOME GAP SINCE 1999:
TOP 20% EARNED 7x THAT OF POOREST 20%
WEALTHIEST EXPERIENCING INCOME GROWTH AT DOUBLE THAT OF THE MIDDLE CLASS

27. DIVISION BY INCOME
TOP 1% EARNED 21.2% OF INCOME (1/100 EARNED 1/5 OF INCOME)
TOP 10% EARNED 46.44% OF INCOME
BOTTOM 50% EARNED 12.83% OF INCOME

28. DIVISION OF WEALTH DATA TAKEN FROM FEDERAL RESERVE BOARD
CONCENTRATION OF WEALTH AMONG A SMALL NUMBER OF FAMILIES

30. SOCIAL MOBILITY VERTICAL MOVEMENT IS ANTICIPATED AND EXPECTED
INTRAGENERATIONAL
INTERGENERATIONAL
MOVEMENT IS BASED ON STRUCTURE AND EXCHANGE

31. THEORETICAL PERSPECTIVES ON SOCIAL STRATIFICATION
Conflict Theory – Economically Based; Class System Dominates Based on Control Systems
Functional Theory – Based on Social Imbalance, beginning with Industrialization
Symbolic Interaction Theory – Based on and Perpetuated by Perceivable Differences; Weber introduces concept of Status as Mitigator of Power of Social Class