1. Chapter 19
Idealism
Intervention
Isolation

2. Idealism Secretary of State: Bryan
Wilson saw America as having a new Manifest Destiny

3. Mexico Porfirio Díaz Francisco Madero Victoriano Huerta
Venustiano Carranza
Pancho Villa

4. Mexico Wilson requested authority to use punitive force
Pershing sent to hunt down Villa
Unsuccessful

5. Caribbean
Haiti
Dominican Republic
Other interventions

6. War Began with Austria declaring war on Serbia
Russia comes to Serbia’s defense
Germany declares war on Russia

7. War Germany declares war on France Schlieffen Plan Kaiser Wilhelm II
Belgium objected to German troops in its country

8. War Britain comes to Belgium’s defense
United States issued proclamation of neutrality

9. War
Central Powers: Germany, Austria
Allies: France, Britain, Russia

10. United States Many of German and Irish descent favored Germany
Many others favored Britain
Neutrality sentiment strong

11. United States Most American trade was with Allies
“Pro-Allies” neutrality

12. War Submarine warfare Lusitania “Too proud to fight”
Germany claimed self-defense

13. War
Sussex
“Sussex pledge”

14. 1916 Democrats: Wilson “He kept us out of war”
Republicans: Charles Evans Hughes
Wilson wins

15. Intervention “Peace without victory” Unrestricted submarine warfare
Zimmerman telegram

16. Intervention
On April 6, 1917, Wilson signed the declaration of a state of war

17. Over Here America ill-prepared Selective Service Act
2.8 million drafted into the army
Industry mobilization

18. Over Here Government took unprecedented control of the economy
Food Administration
Herbert Hoover

19. Over Here People raised gardens War bonds
War touched every area of life
“Doughboys”

20. Over Here Politics Anti-German attitudes Espionage and Sedition Acts
Schenk v. U.S.

21. Over Here Wilson and idealism Not a war of conquest Fourteen Points
League of Nations

22. Over There Americans march into Paris on July 4, 1917 Pivotal time
Allied morale low
Russia exits war

23. Over There German decided to wage major offensive
Made some progress but were halted

24. Over There Château-Thierry Belleau Wood Argonne offensive
Turned the tide

25. Over There
Armistice signed November 11, 1918

26. Treaty of Versailles One of multiple treaties
Wilson personally led the American delegation
Included no Republicans

27. Treaty of Versailles Big Four Clemenceau: France Orlando: Italy
Lloyd George: Britain
Wilson: United States

28. Treaty of Versailles Germans had no part in negotiating treaty
“War-guilt” clause
Reparation payments
Enormous and unreasonable

29. Treaty of Versailles
Only two of Wilson’s Fourteen Points were incorporated
League of Nations

30. The Debate Leading Senate opponent: Henry Cabot Lodge Three groups
Democrats, in minority, mostly supported the treaty

31. The Debate Three groups Irreconcilables Reservationists
Feared future entanglement in European problems

32. The Debate
American public opinion began to shift toward Lodge’s position
Wilson embarked on a marathon speaking tour
Suffered serious stroke

33. The Debate Senate rejects treaty in November 1919
Wilson refused to compromise
U.S. never joined the League of Nations

34. The Debate
Congress passed resolution ending state of war in 1921