Emission and Air Quality Trends Review

Emission and Air Quality Trends Review
Kansas March 2012

Summary

Project Objective To develop and present publicly available information on trends in emissions and ambient air quality over the past ten years in easy to understand visual and tabular formats

Emission Trends Summary
All pollutants with the exception of VOC, CO and PM have decreased since 1999 in aggregate across Kansas Increases attributed to forestry activity NOx and SO2 from Electric Utility Fuel Combustion sources show decrease over time Onroad emission step increase seen between 2004 and 2005 is the result of EPA’s method change and MOVES model integration for estimating onroad mobile source emissions

Kansas Emission Trends (NOx)

Kansas Emission Change (NOx)
Annual Emissions Change (from 1999) Source Category 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Electric Utility Coal Fuel Combustion 2,862 -1,692 9,653 9,085 9,062 3,360 -4,663 -14,301 -31,106 -36,353 -34,688 Electric Utility Non-Coal Fuel Combustion -860 -2,261 -5,323 -5,118 -6,161 -6,805 -7,927 -8,007 -8,242 -8,150 -8,766 Industrial Fuel Combustion 438 -497 -12,041 -12,542 -13,045 -13,544 -13,912 -14,282 -14,651 -15,021 -15,388 Other Fuel Combustion 116 208 -1,139 -1,103 -1,068 -1,032 -1,042 -1,053 -1,063 -1,073 -1,083 Industrial Processes 754 1,718 -2,400 -1,533 -666 274 37 -200 -437 -674 -911 Highway Vehicles -1,275 -7,774 -7,508 -13,322 -19,135 4,135 -1,635 -7,405 -13,174 -18,944 -24,714 Off-highway Vehicles 133 232 3,472 2,754 2,035 1,316 -1,492 -4,300 -7,108 -9,916 -12,725 Miscellaneous 63 48 28,277 30,647 33,018 28,272 32,032 30,622 34,143 33,088 Total 2,232 -10,018 12,991 8,869 4,041 15,975 1,397 -18,924 -41,637 -57,042 -65,187 0% 4% -2% 12% 11% -6% -18% -38% -45% -43% -8% -20% -47% -46% -55% -61% -71% -74% -73% -78% 1% -1% -15% -16% -17% -19% 2% 3% -14% -13% 6% 13% -12% -5% -3% -7% -21% -27% 8% 3364% 3646% 3928% 3811% 3643% 4062% 3937% -11%

Kansas Emission Trends (SO2)

Kansas Emission Change (SO2)
Annual Emissions Change (from 1999) Source Category 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Electric Utility Coal Fuel Combustion -3,049 -2,133 8,347 15,586 -1,027 9,255 -4,845 -287 -20,149 -64,484 -70,787 Electric Utility Non-Coal Fuel Combustion 1,367 4,479 4,405 8,211 7,515 9,104 -2,035 -2,045 -2,052 -2,058 -2,064 Industrial Fuel Combustion 203 423 21,231 21,239 21,247 21,256 21,222 21,205 21,188 21,171 Other Fuel Combustion 28 54 -560 -557 -554 -551 -552 -553 Industrial Processes 468 1,163 -5,000 -4,051 -3,103 -2,062 -2,358 -2,654 -2,950 -3,246 -3,542 Highway Vehicles -247 -241 -547 -903 -1,259 -1,198 -1,483 -1,769 -2,054 -2,339 -2,624 Off-highway Vehicles 177 360 -12 86 184 281 -793 -1,866 -2,940 -4,014 -5,088 Miscellaneous 19 11 10,912 11,905 12,898 10,899 12,681 11,975 13,550 13,045 Total -1,035 4,115 38,776 51,517 35,901 46,984 21,854 24,024 4,057 -42,462 -50,443 0% -3% -2% 7% 13% -1% 8% -4% -17% -56% -61% 65% 214% 210% 392% 359% 435% -97% -98% -99% 5% 9% 474% 475% 473% 2% 3% -36% -35% -29% -22% -15% -19% -21% -23% -25% -7% -16% -26% -37% -43% -51% -60% -68% -76% 1% 4% -10% -24% -38% -52% -66% 46% 27% 26797% 29235% 31674% 26766% 31141% 29409% 33275% 32035% 26% 34% 24% 31% 15% 16% -28% -34%

Air Quality Trends Summary
Average O3 and PM2.5 design values have decreased since 1999 in Kansas There are no O3 and PM2.5 non-attainment areas in Kansas

Max O3 DVs and Trend

Average O3 DVs and Trend

O3 Trend Slopes at Monitoring Sites

Max PM2.5 Annual DVs and Trend

Average PM2.5 Annual DVs and Trend

Max PM2.5 24-Hour DVs and Trend

Average PM2.5 24-Hour DVs and Trend

Annual PM2.5 Trend Slopes at Monitoring Sites

24-Hour PM2.5 Trend Slopes at Monitoring Sites

Background

Project Objective To develop and present publicly available information on trends in emissions and ambient air quality in the U.S. over the past ten years in easy to understand visual and tabular formats Include additional qualitative assessment of meteorological influences on these trends as available for temperature and rainfall anomalies

Emission Trends

Emission Trends Study Team collected and processed U.S. EPA emission inventories for years within the study period of interest ( ) By pollutant and source category electric generation fuel combustion industrial fuel combustion other fuel combustion industrial processes on-road vehicles non-road engines and vehicles miscellaneous

Emissions Data Summary
Data Obtained from EPA National Emission Inventory (NEI) and Trends Websites EPA’s Trends reports and emission comparisons include interpolations of all categories between key years (1999, 2002, 2005, 2008, 2012 projection) Pollutants: VOC, NOx, CO, SO2, PM10, PM2.5 and NH3 Project Improvement The Study Team augmented above data with year specific CEM emissions (2002 through 2010), MOVES onroad emissions (2005 through 2010), and wildfire emissions data (2005 through 2009)

Kansas Emission Trends (VOC)
Annual Emissions (Tons) Source Category 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Electric Utility Coal Fuel Combustion 658 689 771 780 763 615 608 638 581 567 577 Electric Utility Non-Coal Fuel Combustion 242 275 257 98 88 79 64 59 58 56 47 Industrial Fuel Combustion 7,512 7,539 7,462 4,064 4,042 4,021 4,000 3,968 3,936 3,904 3,872 3,841 Other Fuel Combustion 14,067 15,070 15,078 18,906 14,817 10,728 6,639 6,513 6,387 6,261 6,135 6,009 Industrial Processes 101,537 96,640 100,188 83,925 83,120 82,316 81,545 81,106 80,667 80,228 79,789 79,350 Highway Vehicles 58,584 57,526 53,398 52,781 49,820 46,859 40,411 37,996 35,581 33,166 30,751 28,336 Off-highway Vehicles 25,006 24,715 24,371 26,862 26,141 25,419 24,698 23,699 22,699 21,700 20,700 19,701 Miscellaneous 4,770 4,904 4,921 55,253 73,189 91,124 55,027 99,971 80,512 116,072 103,106 Total 212,375 207,359 206,335 242,659 251,997 261,310 212,999 253,920 230,484 261,971 244,978 240,967 Annual Emissions (Percent of Total) 0% 4% 2% 1% 7% 8% 6% 3% 48% 47% 49% 35% 33% 32% 38% 31% 28% 26% 22% 20% 18% 19% 15% 13% 12% 11% 10% 9% 23% 29% 39% 44% 42% 43% 100%

Kansas Emission Trends (VOC)

Kansas Emission Composition (VOC)

Annual Emissions (Tons) Source Category 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Electric Utility Coal Fuel Combustion 81,529 84,392 79,838 91,182 90,614 90,592 84,889 76,866 67,229 50,424 45,177 46,841 Electric Utility Non-Coal Fuel Combustion 11,209 10,349 8,947 5,885 6,091 5,048 4,404 3,282 3,202 2,967 3,059 2,442 Industrial Fuel Combustion 78,282 78,721 77,785 66,242 65,741 65,238 64,738 64,370 64,001 63,632 63,262 62,894 Other Fuel Combustion 7,720 7,836 7,928 6,581 6,617 6,652 6,688 6,678 6,668 6,657 6,647 6,637 Industrial Processes 13,264 14,017 14,982 10,864 11,731 12,598 13,538 13,301 13,064 12,827 12,590 12,353 Highway Vehicles 93,125 91,849 85,351 85,616 79,803 73,990 97,259 91,490 85,720 79,950 74,181 68,411 Off-highway Vehicles 85,328 85,462 85,560 88,801 88,082 87,363 86,644 83,836 81,028 78,220 75,412 72,604 Miscellaneous 840 904 889 29,117 31,488 33,859 29,113 32,873 31,463 34,984 33,929 Total 371,298 373,530 361,280 384,288 380,167 375,339 387,273 372,695 352,373 329,660 314,256 306,111 Annual Emissions (Percent of Total) 22% 23% 24% 21% 19% 15% 14% 3% 2% 1% 17% 18% 20% 4% 25% 0% 8% 9% 11% 100%

Kansas Emission Composition (NOx)

Annual Emissions (Tons) Source Category 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Electric Utility Coal Fuel Combustion 116,065 113,016 113,932 124,412 131,652 115,039 125,321 111,220 115,779 95,916 51,581 45,279 Electric Utility Non-Coal Fuel Combustion 2,095 3,462 6,574 6,500 10,306 9,610 11,198 60 50 43 37 31 Industrial Fuel Combustion 4,477 4,681 4,900 25,708 25,716 25,725 25,733 25,699 25,682 25,665 25,648 Other Fuel Combustion 1,560 1,588 1,614 1,000 1,003 1,006 1,009 1,008 1,007 1,005 Industrial Processes 14,009 14,476 15,172 9,009 9,958 10,906 11,947 11,651 11,355 11,059 10,763 10,467 Highway Vehicles 3,439 3,192 3,198 2,893 2,536 2,180 2,241 1,956 1,671 1,386 1,100 815 Off-highway Vehicles 7,765 7,942 8,125 7,753 7,851 7,949 8,046 6,973 5,899 4,825 3,751 2,677 Miscellaneous 41 59 52 10,952 11,945 12,938 10,940 12,721 12,016 13,590 13,085 Total 149,451 148,416 153,566 188,227 200,968 185,352 196,435 171,305 173,475 153,508 106,989 99,008 Annual Emissions (Percent of Total) 78% 76% 74% 66% 62% 64% 65% 67% 48% 46% 1% 2% 4% 3% 5% 6% 0% 14% 13% 15% 17% 24% 26% 9% 10% 7% 11% 12% 100%

Kansas Emission Composition (SO2)

Kansas Emission Trends (PM2.5)
Annual Emissions (Tons) Source Category 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Electric Utility Coal Fuel Combustion 4,170 4,249 3,444 5,499 5,490 5,270 5,013 4,661 4,909 4,447 4,303 4,432 Electric Utility Non-Coal Fuel Combustion 474 513 697 322 298 285 152 102 97 110 99 76 Industrial Fuel Combustion 5,179 5,241 5,204 1,256 1,293 1,331 1,368 1,359 1,350 1,341 1,322 Other Fuel Combustion 5,040 5,369 5,382 4,540 4,542 4,544 4,546 4,487 4,428 4,369 4,310 4,250 Industrial Processes 11,063 11,919 13,114 8,954 9,751 10,548 11,246 11,169 11,092 11,015 10,938 10,861 Highway Vehicles 2,089 1,927 1,760 1,629 1,537 1,445 2,770 2,593 2,416 2,239 2,063 1,886 Off-highway Vehicles 6,762 6,576 6,368 6,386 6,188 5,990 5,791 5,544 5,296 5,048 4,801 4,553 Miscellaneous 138,282 139,977 139,794 148,241 156,181 164,121 148,162 165,356 158,057 172,025 167,084 Total 173,060 175,770 175,763 176,826 185,279 193,534 179,048 195,270 187,644 200,594 194,928 194,465 Annual Emissions (Percent of Total) 2% 3% 0% 1% 6% 7% 5% 4% 80% 84% 85% 83% 86% 100%

Kansas Emission Trends (PM2.5)

Central States Emissions Summary
Annual Emissions (Tons) State VOC NOX CO SO2 PM-10 PM-2.5 NH3 Arkansas 382,050 233,202 1,652,404 114,909 345,454 134,072 143,080 Iowa 172,612 256,763 754,323 189,563 504,847 91,615 263,459 Kansas 240,967 306,111 1,583,292 99,008 772,261 194,465 175,371 Louisiana 826,763 551,507 3,329,015 260,089 478,587 269,796 105,718 Minnesota 339,921 383,642 1,624,338 88,106 796,905 151,181 172,898 Missouri 369,650 417,045 1,747,307 354,115 1,010,829 172,426 122,394 Nebraska 85,802 206,145 432,551 80,201 460,901 69,982 174,968 Oklahoma 512,467 379,065 1,807,827 138,625 788,303 182,297 125,252 Texas 1,493,547 1,652,339 5,738,864 773,611 2,560,407 503,337 404,372 Total 4,423,780 4,385,819 18,669,920 2,098,227 7,718,496 1,769,169 1,687,512

Emission Changes The following slides represent the percentage-based emissions change from 1999 to 2010 for each pollutant as well as a comparison map of 2010 annual emissions Negative values indicate decrease in emissions, positive values indicate an increase

Kansas Emission Change (VOC)
Annual Emissions Change (from 1999) Source Category 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Electric Utility Coal Fuel Combustion 31 112 122 105 -43 -50 -21 -77 -91 -82 Electric Utility Non-Coal Fuel Combustion 34 15 -144 -154 -162 -178 -183 -184 -186 -195 Industrial Fuel Combustion 27 -49 -3,448 -3,470 -3,491 -3,512 -3,544 -3,576 -3,608 -3,639 -3,671 Other Fuel Combustion 1,003 1,011 4,839 750 -3,339 -7,428 -7,554 -7,680 -7,806 -7,932 -8,058 Industrial Processes -4,897 -1,348 -17,612 -18,416 -19,221 -19,992 -20,431 -20,870 -21,309 -21,748 -22,187 Highway Vehicles -1,058 -5,186 -5,803 -8,764 -11,725 -18,173 -20,588 -23,003 -25,418 -27,833 -30,247 Off-highway Vehicles -291 -634 1,856 1,135 414 -307 -1,307 -2,306 -3,306 -4,305 -5,305 Miscellaneous 134 152 50,484 68,419 86,355 50,257 95,202 75,743 111,303 98,337 Total -5,016 -6,040 30,284 39,622 48,935 624 41,545 18,109 49,596 32,603 28,592 0% 5% 17% 19% 16% -7% -8% -3% -12% -14% 14% 6% -60% -64% -67% -74% -76% -77% -81% -1% -46% -47% -48% -49% 7% 34% -24% -53% -54% -55% -56% -57% -5% -17% -18% -19% -20% -21% -22% -2% -9% -10% -15% -31% -35% -39% -43% -52% 2% -13% 3% 1058% 1435% 1811% 1054% 1996% 1588% 2334% 2062% 23% 20% 9% 15% 13%

Annual Emission Summary (VOC)
Emission Change (%) 1999 to 2010 Emission Density (Tons) 2010

Kansas Emission Change (NOx)
Annual Emissions Change (from 1999) Source Category 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Electric Utility Coal Fuel Combustion 2,862 -1,692 9,653 9,085 9,062 3,360 -4,663 -14,301 -31,106 -36,353 -34,688 Electric Utility Non-Coal Fuel Combustion -860 -2,261 -5,323 -5,118 -6,161 -6,805 -7,927 -8,007 -8,242 -8,150 -8,766 Industrial Fuel Combustion 438 -497 -12,041 -12,542 -13,045 -13,544 -13,912 -14,282 -14,651 -15,021 -15,388 Other Fuel Combustion 116 208 -1,139 -1,103 -1,068 -1,032 -1,042 -1,053 -1,063 -1,073 -1,083 Industrial Processes 754 1,718 -2,400 -1,533 -666 274 37 -200 -437 -674 -911 Highway Vehicles -1,275 -7,774 -7,508 -13,322 -19,135 4,135 -1,635 -7,405 -13,174 -18,944 -24,714 Off-highway Vehicles 133 232 3,472 2,754 2,035 1,316 -1,492 -4,300 -7,108 -9,916 -12,725 Miscellaneous 63 48 28,277 30,647 33,018 28,272 32,032 30,622 34,143 33,088 Total 2,232 -10,018 12,991 8,869 4,041 15,975 1,397 -18,924 -41,637 -57,042 -65,187 0% 4% -2% 12% 11% -6% -18% -38% -45% -43% -8% -20% -47% -46% -55% -61% -71% -74% -73% -78% 1% -1% -15% -16% -17% -19% 2% 3% -14% -13% 6% 13% -12% -5% -3% -7% -21% -27% 8% 3364% 3646% 3928% 3811% 3643% 4062% 3937% -11%

Annual Emission Summary (NOx)

Kansas Emission Change (SO2)
Annual Emissions Change (from 1999) Source Category 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Electric Utility Coal Fuel Combustion -3,049 -2,133 8,347 15,586 -1,027 9,255 -4,845 -287 -20,149 -64,484 -70,787 Electric Utility Non-Coal Fuel Combustion 1,367 4,479 4,405 8,211 7,515 9,104 -2,035 -2,045 -2,052 -2,058 -2,064 Industrial Fuel Combustion 203 423 21,231 21,239 21,247 21,256 21,222 21,205 21,188 21,171 Other Fuel Combustion 28 54 -560 -557 -554 -551 -552 -553 Industrial Processes 468 1,163 -5,000 -4,051 -3,103 -2,062 -2,358 -2,654 -2,950 -3,246 -3,542 Highway Vehicles -247 -241 -547 -903 -1,259 -1,198 -1,483 -1,769 -2,054 -2,339 -2,624 Off-highway Vehicles 177 360 -12 86 184 281 -793 -1,866 -2,940 -4,014 -5,088 Miscellaneous 19 11 10,912 11,905 12,898 10,899 12,681 11,975 13,550 13,045 Total -1,035 4,115 38,776 51,517 35,901 46,984 21,854 24,024 4,057 -42,462 -50,443 0% -3% -2% 7% 13% -1% 8% -4% -17% -56% -61% 65% 214% 210% 392% 359% 435% -97% -98% -99% 5% 9% 474% 475% 473% 2% 3% -36% -35% -29% -22% -15% -19% -21% -23% -25% -7% -16% -26% -37% -43% -51% -60% -68% -76% 1% 4% -10% -24% -38% -52% -66% 46% 27% 26797% 29235% 31674% 26766% 31141% 29409% 33275% 32035% 26% 34% 24% 31% 15% 16% -28% -34%

Annual Emission Summary (SO2)

Kansas Emission Change (PM2.5)
Annual Emissions Change (from 1999) Source Category 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Electric Utility Coal Fuel Combustion 79 -727 1,329 1,319 1,099 843 490 738 277 132 262 Electric Utility Non-Coal Fuel Combustion 38 223 -152 -177 -189 -322 -372 -377 -364 -375 -398 Industrial Fuel Combustion 62 25 -3,924 -3,886 -3,848 -3,811 -3,820 -3,829 -3,839 -3,857 Other Fuel Combustion 329 343 -500 -498 -496 -494 -553 -612 -671 -730 -789 Industrial Processes 856 2,051 -2,110 -1,312 -515 183 106 29 -48 -125 -202 Highway Vehicles -163 -330 -461 -645 680 503 327 150 -27 -204 Off-highway Vehicles -186 -394 -376 -574 -772 -971 -1,218 -1,466 -1,714 -1,961 -2,209 Miscellaneous 1,695 1,512 9,958 17,899 25,839 9,880 27,074 19,774 33,743 28,802 Total 2,710 2,703 3,765 12,219 20,473 5,988 22,210 14,584 27,533 21,868 21,404 0% 2% -17% 32% 26% 20% 12% 18% 7% 3% 6% 8% 47% -32% -37% -40% -68% -78% -79% -77% -84% 1% -76% -75% -74% -10% -11% -12% -13% -14% -16% 19% -19% -5% -1% -2% -8% -22% -26% -31% 33% 24% 16% -3% -6% -18% -25% -29% -33% 13% 14% 21%

Annual Emission Summary (PM2.5)

Central States Emissions Change Summary
Annual Emissions Change (Tons) to 2010 State VOC NOX CO SO2 PM-10 PM-2.5 NH3 Arkansas 147,785 -73,407 358,671 -47,909 -116,069 14,707 -5,224 Iowa -68,598 -71,925 -503,067 -95,456 -57,951 -38,546 -34,589 Kansas 28,592 -65,187 354,407 -50,443 -11,544 21,404 -54,059 Louisiana 460,825 -267,458 1,440,016 -155,032 103,843 94,939 24,568 Minnesota -76,821 -78,094 -871,065 -61,214 -73,483 -52,730 -21,365 Missouri -112,691 -180,039 -772,807 -73,336 11,718 -41,776 -82,453 Nebraska -54,023 -22,670 -330,750 -6,707 -94,480 -41,713 -69,408 Oklahoma 206,479 -47,142 186,662 -16,797 -14,263 15,024 -89,860 Texas 99,690 -213,382 -2,109,688 -279,149 -51,419 -85,724 -111,094 Total 631,238 -1,019,304 -2,247,621 -786,042 -303,649 -114,414 -443,483

Emission Trends Summary
All pollutants with the exception of VOC, CO and PM have decreased since 1999 in aggregate across Kansas Increases attributed to forestry activity NOx and SO2 from Electric Utility Fuel Combustion sources show decrease over time Onroad emission step increase seen between 2004 and 2005 is the result of EPA’s method change and MOVES model integration for estimating onroad mobile source emissions

Air Quality Trends Ozone & PM2.5

AQ Trends Scope Compute, summarize and display ozone and PM2.5 design value trends in the Central states for the period 1999 – 2010 Create a spreadsheet database of O3 and PM2.5 values at each monitoring site for additional analyses

Design Values Ozone PM2.5 Annual PM2.5 24-Hour
Annual 4th highest daily maximum 8-hour average averaged over three consecutive years Current standard = ppm PM2.5 Annual Annual arithmetic mean of quarterly means averaged over three consecutive years Current standard = 15 ug/m3 PM Hour Annual 98th percentile of daily averages averaged over three consecutive years Current standard = 35 ug/m3

State-Wide Design Value (DV) Trends
Trends in state-wide maximum DV and average DV Max DV: Maximum DVs over all valid trend monitoring sites in the state in each overlapping three year period Average DV: Average of DVs over all valid trend monitoring sites in the state in each overlapping three year period Compute linear trend via least-squares regression

Data Handling Procedures
O3 design value (DV) for each overlapping three- year period starting with and ending with DV calculated using annual 4th highest daily max 8-hr averages and percent of valid observations, based on EPA data handling conventions Data associated with exceptional events that have received EPA concurrence are omitted Selection of trend sites require valid DV in at least 8 out of 10 three-year periods between 1999 and 2010

Data Handling Procedures
Annual PM2.5 DV and 24-hr PM2.5 DV for each overlapping three-year period starting with and ending with DV calculations based on EPA data handling conventions Data extracted from monitors that have a non- regulatory monitoring type are omitted Selection of trend sites require valid DV in at least 8 out of at 10 three-year periods between 1999 and 2010

Trend in units of ppb/year
Trend Calculation Trend in units of ppb/year Trends based on linear least squares fit to rolling three year design values (DVs) Negative trend indicates improving air quality DVs based on each 3-year period: , , … Notes On plots, DVs are for three year period ending in year shown (i.e., DV plotted as 2009 value) Ozone trend values expressed as ppb/year (1,000 ppb = 1 ppm); DVs are plotted as ppm Scale in units of ppm

Max O3 DVs and Trend

Average O3 DVs and Trend

Ozone Trends by Site in Kansas
Monitoring Sites County Trend [ppm/yr] Linn, KS Sedgwick, KS Sumner, KS Trego, KS 0.0006 Wyandotte, KS Note: Only monitoring sites meeting data completeness criteria listed

O3 Trend Slopes at Monitoring Sites

Qualitative Meteorological Trends June-August Temperature 2003-2010
Blue colors represent the coldest years, red hottest and 2010 most ozone conducive in Central U.S. from temperature standpoint

Qualitative Meteorological Trends June-August Precipitation 2003-2010
Red colors represent the driest years, dark green wettest 2004 and 2006 most ozone conducive in Central U.S. from precipitation standpoint

Max PM2.5 Annual DVs and Trend

Average PM2.5 Annual DVs and Trend

Max PM2.5 24-Hour DVs and Trend

Average PM2.5 24-Hour DVs and Trend

PM2.5 Trends by Site in Kansas
Trend [ug/m3 per year] Monitoring Site County Annual DV 24-Hr DV Johnson -0.33 -1.06 Linn -0.16 -0.50 Sedgwick -0.29 -0.67 -0.28 -0.55 -0.30 -0.65 Sumner -0.22 -0.38 Wyandotte -0.46 -1.37 Note: Only monitoring sites meeting data completeness criteria listed

Annual PM2.5 Trend Slopes at Monitoring Sites

24-Hour PM2.5 Trend Slopes at Monitoring Sites

Qualitative Meteorological Trends Annual Temperature 2003-2010
Blue colors represent the coldest years, red hottest and 2010 most PM2.5 conducive in Central U.S. from temperature standpoint

Qualitative Meteorological Trends Annual Precipitation 2003-2010
Red colors represent the driest years, dark green wettest 2003, 2005 and 2010 most PM2.5 conducive in Central U.S. from precipitation standpoint

Air Quality Trends Summary
Average O3 and PM2.5 design values have decreased since 1999 in Kansas There are no O3 and PM2.5 non-attainment areas in Kansas

Emission and Air Quality Trends Review

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