1. Health Science 20 -Body Systems

2. The Body Systems You Chose:
The Immune (lymphatic) System
The Nervous System
The Musculo-Skeletal System

3. The Body: Anatomy and Physiology
Before we can begin into the immune system we need to look at an overview of the body itself.

4. Body Organization: directional terms, regions, sections, planes, and cavities

5. Anatomical Position
The picture shows a body in anatomical position. The person is upright, with arms down and palms to the front.

6. Anatomical Position
All directional terms reference position with regards to anatomical position … even if the body in question is in a different position. Example: The head is superior (above) to the feet, whether you are standing up, laying down, or doing a handstand.

7. Directional Terms (draw this)
Terms are used to describe relative position.
Example: the ribs are anterior to the spine

8. Directional Term Practice
Name a structure that is …
… medial to your eye
… lateral to your heart
…. distal to your wrist
… proximal to your elbow
… on the posterior side of the hand
…on the anterior side of the body
… superficial to the ribs

9. Regional Terms The body can be divided into two main regions:
Axial part – the main axis of our body
Head, neck, trunk
Appendicular part – the appendages
arms, legs

10. Body Planes and Sections
The body may be sectioned (cut) along a flat surface called a plane.
The three most common planes are:
Sagittal (Median) plane
(cuts body into left & right)
Frontal (coronal) plane
(cuts body into front & back)
Transverse plane (cross section)
(cuts body into superior &
inferior parts)
Sagittal – think twins

11. Body Planes and Sections
Which plane could be used to separate the hemispheres of the brain? sagittal the top and bottom of the kidney? transverse The anterior and posterior parts of the body? frontal
Use full sentences

12. Body Cavities
Each membrane enclosed by double layered serous membranes, or serosa.

13. Body Cavities Dorsal, vertebral Ventral, thoracic Dorsal, cranial
In which cavity are the following organs are found:
Name both the major and minor divisions.
Spinal cord
Lungs
Brain
Liver
Bladder
Small intestine
Dorsal, vertebral
Ventral, thoracic
Dorsal, cranial
Ventral, abdominal
Ventral, pelvic
Ventral, abdominal

14. Practice!