1. CPL Air Law
ATC Chapters 8

2. Aim
To review the Operations in uncontrolled airspace & uncontrolled aerodromes

3. Objectives Review VMC criteria for Class G airspace
Identify the minimum radio broadcasts required in Class G airspace
Understand legal requirements for navigating in Class G airspace
Explain the procedures in flying circuits at uncontrolled aerodromes
Define SARTIME

4. 1000ft above & below, 1500m horizontally
1. VMC in Class G airspace
Altitude
Visibility
Cloud Separation
> 10’000ft
8km
1000ft above & below, 1500m horizontally
’000ft
5km
< 3000ft AMSL or < 1500AGL
Clear of cloud

5. 2. Radio requirements in Class G
Reports & Broadcasts
Report:
A mandatory radio transmission from an aircraft to an appropriate ATS
Broadcast:
A radio transmission from an aircraft for the purposes of providing traffic advisory information
Requirements details in AIP ENR 1.1 para 20

6. 2. Radio requirements in Class G
Glass G airspace broadcasts
A number of situations require a broadcast from pilots operating in Class G airspace (AIP ENR 1.1 para 20) on CTAF
Collision risk
Departing from aerodrome – during taxi
Entering or crossing a runway
Inbound – minimum 10nm radio call
Joining the circuit on a specific leg
Making a straight in approach
10nm radio broadcast
3nm radio broadcast & stabilised
1nm radio broadcast
Flying thru vicinity of aerodrome
Must however, give way to aircraft in the circuit
‘Vicinity’: means within 10nm of the aerodrome (AIP Gen 2.2 glossary)
Pilots of radio equipped aircraft must listen out and announce if in potential conflict. Pilots who are in conflict must acknowledge these broadcasts
(AIP ENR 1.1 para 43.1)

7. 3. Navigating in Class G airspace
Cruising Levels (ENR 1.7)
At or Above 5000ft pilots are required to fly at hemispherical cruising levels
Below 5000ft hemispherical cruising is not required, but preferred when at all possible
Reduces risk of aircraft collision
If below 5000ft then climbing above 5000ft, broadcast on FIA prior to changing, this will alert any IFR aircraft-
especially on a clear VMC day
VFR EVEN
Altitudes
PLUS 500’
0000
VFR ODD

8. 3. Navigating in Class G airspace
Tracking tolerance & avoiding controlled airspace
ENR 1.1 para 18 – 19
VFR aircraft must be able to navigate with reference to ground/water
A pilot must positively identify aircraft position every 30minutes
Positive fixing is passage over an NDB, VOR, DME
Intersection of 2 or more position lines intersecting no less than 45o within each other
If both position lines are NDB’s, must be within 30nm of each other
A flight path must not infringe controlled airspace by the following tolerances
Altitude
Day
Night
0 – 2000ft
+- 1nm
+-2 nm ft
+- 2nm
+- 3nm ft
+- 4nm
+- 5nm
Gliders
n/a
NDB
+- 6.9o
VOR
+- 5.2o
Dead Reckoning
+- 12o

9. 4. Uncontrolled aerodrome procedures
Rules of uncontrolled aerodromes
Uncontrolled aerodromes do not have control towers
They are located in Class G airspace
Communication is broadcast on the CTAF Therefore…
Which aerodromes require carriage of a radio?
All aerodromes except UNCR
No radio required

10. 4. Uncontrolled aerodrome procedures
Rules of uncontrolled aerodromes
AIP ENR 1.1 para 39-47, Circuit CTAF arrival procedures
Default circuit direction is Left Hand, unless stated in ERSA
Max speed 200KIAS
Circuit Height:
<55KIAS 500 AGL
55-150KIAS 1000 AGL
>150KIAS 150 AGL
The circuit size can be varied to suit the aircraft performance
Default CTAF is (ENR 1.4 para 3.2), unless stated in ERSA
Transiting flights should monitor CTAF and advise position if in conflict
Avoid flying at an altitude below 2000 AGL to avoid conflict when ever possible

11. 2. Descent to circuit height on Dead Side
4. Uncontrolled aerodrome procedures
Arrival - Overhead
AIP ENR 1.1 para 47.5, Circuit CTAF arrival procedures
Aircraft should circle & sight windsock 500ft above circuit height
OR, at 2000 AGL for aerodromes with high performance aircraft
Eg: Mildura, Whyalla, Kingscote, Mount Gambier
Maneuver as required to descend on the Dead Side of aerodrome to circuit height
Join Midfield Crosswind, Crosswind, or if from Live Side at 45 degrees to Downwind.
1. Overfly 2000 AGL 05
3. Join circuit leg
2. Descent to circuit height on Dead Side

12. 3nm radio call & established on final 1nm radio call & intentions
4. Uncontrolled aerodrome procedures
Arrival – Straight In
AIP ENR 1.1 para 47.6
Not necessarily recommended, but more time efficient
Pilots on Straight In Approach MUST give way to aircraft in circuit
Transponder squawking & lights ON
Pilot must determine runway in use in advance, eg; smoke, AWIS, traffic
Radio call at 10nm
Radio call at 3nm & established on final
Radio call at 1nm & intentions
3nm radio call & established on final
Determine runway 05
10nm radio call
1nm radio call & intentions

13. 4. Uncontrolled aerodrome procedures
Circuits – Live Side Joining
Downwind, adjust spacing as required to suit performance of aircraft
If joining Downwind from Live Side, join at 45 degrees
Base joins are not prohibited, but not recommended, join 90degrees to runway
Turn onto final should not be lower than 500ft AGL ~ 1.5nm from runway
45o
90 o 05
No lower than 500ft

14. 4. Uncontrolled aerodrome procedures
Go Arounds
Position aircraft on right side on runway to keep traffic & runway in sight
Position aircraft on the left side if right hand circuits are in use
Monitor traffic & maintain separation whilst turning crosswind
Broadcast intentions on CTAF after go around
AVIATE  NAVIGATE  COMMUNICATE 05

15. 4. Uncontrolled aerodrome procedures
Departure
Depart circuit by extending the appropriate circuit leg
Turns contrary to circuit direction are prohibited unless beyond 3nm from aerodrome, or until at overfly height (2000 AGL)
Broadcast on CTAF once departed 05

16. 5. SARTIME AIP ENR 52. SARTIME stands for Search And Rescue TIME
Used to allow emergency services know you have arrived safely at destination
Should the elected SARTIME be breached, emergency services are notified
After landing SARTIME should be cancelled as soon as practicable
Cancellation can be done via radio with ATS, pilot “REQUEST TO CANCEL SARTIME FOR USL ARRIVAL AT PARAFIELD TIME 0300utc”
ATC: “USL SARTIME FOR ARRIVAL AT PARAFIELD 0300 utc CANCELLED”

17. Questions?