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Cornell Notes 6.4 Electrons in the Atom

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Presentation on theme: "Cornell Notes 6.4 Electrons in the Atom"— Presentation transcript:

1 Cornell Notes 6.4 Electrons in the Atom
February 15, 2012 Pages 157 and 159

2 Quick Review! Atoms are made of 3 subatomic particles: protons, neutrons, and electrons. Neutron Proton Electron

3 + + + + + + Quick Review Protons give atoms their identity.
1 Proton - H 2 Protons – He 3 Protons - Li

4 You’re not going anywhere.
Quick Review Neutrons hold protons together in the nucleus. You’re not going anywhere. Settle down. You’re scum! + + I hate you!

5 Quick Review Electrons give elements their properties like: Color
Malleability (Will It Bend when you hit it with a hammer…) Odor Shape

6 The only real exception is mass.
An atom’s mass is determined by number of protons plus number of neutrons!

7 How electrons make color

8

9 Electrons’ Speed Most of the time, electrons go really really fast.
So fast that you can’t actually see it or know exactly where it is. The area electrons move in is known as the energy levels or electron clouds

10 Energy levels Electrons orbit in differing energy levels.
You will hear me call these levels “rings” or “shells” 2nd Level Nucleus 3rd Level 1st Level

11 6.2 Electrons and energy levels
In the current model of the atom, we think of the electrons in an atom as moving around the nucleus in an area called an electron cloud. The energy levels occur because electrons in the cloud are at different average distances from the nucleus.

12 6.2 Electrons and energy levels
The first energy level can accept up to two electrons. The second energy levels hold up to eight electrons.

13 Ground State As you saw earlier, electrons bounce up to higher levels when they absorb energy, and go back down to lower levels when they release it. The “start point” of these electrons (their original low energy levels) is called the ground state

14 Counting Levels You can tell how many electron rings an element has in the ground stateby counting down from the top of the periodic table. One Ring Two Rings Four Rings Six Rings

15 Electron Rings 1e- 2e- 3e- 4e- 5e- 6e- 7e- 8e-
You can tell how many electrons are in the outermost ring in an element by counting from the left of the periodic table. Li Be B C N O F Ne Na Mg Al Si P S Cl Ar 1e- 2e- 3e- 4e- 5e- 6e- 7e- 8e-

16 Big Definition Type Word!
The electrons on the outer ring are called valence electrons. Even though the outer levels past three have more than eight elements in it, the outermost energy level will never have more than eight electrons. Note that you skip the transitional metals in the middle of the periodic table when you count!


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