1. Anatomical relationship between arteries and veins in the paraumbilical region 
N Imanishi, H Nakajima, T Minabe, H Chang, S Aiso 
British Journal of Plastic Surgery 
Volume 56, Issue 6, Pages (September 2003)
DOI: /S (03)

2. Fig. 1
(Left) Arteriovenogram of the skin and subcutaneous tissue of the left abdomen. The superficial inferior epigastric vein (SIEV) gave off branches (triangles) and formed a polygonal venous network. Paraumbilical arterial and venous perforators (*) were observed, but in two-dimension, the three-dimensional architecture between the polygonal venous network and the paraumbilical arterial and venous perforators was unknown. (Right) A trace of the angiogram; black lines indicate the large paraumbilical arterial perforator and its branches, and gray lines indicate veins. U, umbilicus; Scale bar: 1 cm.
British Journal of Plastic Surgery  , DOI: ( /S (03) )

3. Fig. 2
Enlargement of a polygonal venous network in the left abdomen. Stereographic venograms. Do cross-set eyes, as the left and right white circles in the venograms become three white circles, and then gaze into the central venogram. The central venogram can be seen three-dimensionally. The venous polygon had small ascending veins (arrows) and small diverticular-like projections (triangles) which indicates existence of valves. Scale bar: 1 cm.
British Journal of Plastic Surgery  , DOI: ( /S (03) )

4. Fig. 3
(Above) Stereographic angiograms of a large paraumbilical arterial and venous perforators. (Below) A trace of the angiogram; black lines indicate arteries and gray lines indicate veins. The large communicating vein (LV) was given off from the vena comitans (triangles) of the large paraumbilical arterial perforator and anastomosed with the polygonal venous network. Some small communicating veins (arrows) were observed and anastomosed small veins of the venous network. SIEV, superficial inferior epigastric vein. Scale bar: 1 cm.
British Journal of Plastic Surgery  , DOI: ( /S (03) )

5. Fig. 4
Schematic representation between the superficial inferior epigastric vein (SIEV) and the large arterial and venous paraumbilical perforators. (Left) The large communicating vein (an arrow) anastomosed with the polygonal venous network, and (Right) it (an arrow) anastomosed with the main trunk of the superficial inferior epigastric vein.
British Journal of Plastic Surgery  , DOI: ( /S (03) )