1. Effect of Crashes on Traffic Congestion and Travel Reliability
Notes: Cambridge Systematics study shows that the costs of traffic crashes is nearly two and half times the cost of congestion – $164.2 billion for traffic crashes and $67.6 billion for congestion

2. Economic cost of crashes
value of life (FHWA Iowa division memo): $5.8million?
Iowa uses:
“You'll see that we've sold out...errrrrr...begun to use the Federal numbers in our B/C analyses for TSIP (and probably other things).” MDP
“For SICL, DOT uses 200, 100, 10, 1 and not actual $$$.  PDO for SICL is included via frequency and rate so thus no need to replicate via severity index.” MDP