1. Ms. Cuthrell
Mutations

2. 3.1.3
Explain how mutations in DNA that result from interactions with the environment (i.e. radiation and chemicals) or new combinations in existing genes lead to changes in function and phenotype.

3. Mutations
Mutations are changes in DNA coding and can be deletions, additions, or substitutions.
Mutations can be random and spontaneous or caused by radiation and/or chemical exposure.

4. What kind of mutation?
Before:
TAC CCG GAT ACT
After:
TAC GCG GAT ACT

5. What kind of mutation?
Before:
TAC CCG GAT ACT
After:
TAC CGG ATA CT

6. What kind of mutation? Before: TAC CCG GAT ACT After:
TAC CCG GAA TAC T

7. Question Which type of mutation would you think is the least harmful?
Why?

8. Cancer
Caused by mutations in somatic (body) cells.

9. Heritable Changes
Only mutations in gametes (egg and sperm) can result in heritable changes.
Some mutations can cause a good or bad change in physical appearance.
Some cause genetic disorders such as cystic fibrosis, PKU, Huntington’s disease, sickle cell anemia, or hemophilia.