1. The Urinary System

2. Root Words

3. The Urinary System Paired kidneys A ureter for each kidney
Urinary bladder
Urethra

4. Main Functions of Urinary System
Kidneys filter blood to keep it pure
Toxins
Metabolic wastes
Excess water
Excess ions
Dispose of nitrogenous wastes and regulate water balance

5. Kidneys are retroperitoneal organs (see next slide)
Behind the deep muscles of the back.
Connective tissue and adipose tissue surround them
Adrenal glands lie superior to each kidney
(the yellow blob in pic) * *

8. Kidney has two regions Cortex: outer Medulla: inner
House Renal Corpuscles
Medulla: inner
House Renal Tubule

9. Renal Arteries:
Supply blood to the kidneys.
Transports large amounts of blood, 15-30%
Afferent Arterioles
Final branch that supply blood for nephrons

10. Nephrons
Functional unit of kidney, filters blood of waste and produces urine
~ 1 million nephrons in each kidney
2 parts: Renal Corpuscle and Renal Tubule

11. Renal Corpuscle
Contains cluster of blood capillaries called Glomerulus – filters fluid
Renal Tubule
Fluid flows through and out of body

12. Glomerular Filtration
Process of urine formation.
Produces 180 liters of fluid every 24 hours
Not all is excreted, some is reabsorbed through Tubular reabsorption (done through Renal Tubule)

13. Afferent Arterioles
Blood entering Glomerulus
Efferent Arterioles
Blood leaving Glomerulus
Bowman’s Capsule
Membrane surrounding the Glomerulus

14. Filtration Process
Sodium ions (Na+) are reabsorbed by active transport
Negatively charged ions are attracted to Positively charged ions

15. Renal Calyx/ Calyces (Major and Minor)
Chambers within the kidney that collect urine before moving on to the bladder

16. Urine
Fluid byproduct as a result of body filtration and waste removal
~ 95% water
Contains urea and uric acid
Usually produces liters a day

17. The Ureters
Slender tubes about 25 cm (10 “) long leaving each renal pelvis
One for each kidney carrying urine to the bladder

18. Internal Urethral Sphincter Micturition- Process of urination
Bladder
Muscular organ that stores urine and forces it into the urethra (tube that expels urine from bladder)
Internal Urethral Sphincter
Muscle group that controls urination
Micturition- Process of urination

21. The Urethra Smooth muscle with inner mucosa
Drains urine out of the bladder and body
Male: about 20 cm (8”) long
Female: 3-4 cm (1.5”) long
Short length is why females have more urinary tract infections than males - ascending bacteria from stool contamination
urethra
Urethra____

22. Understand at least this much:
Filtration
a. Fluid is squeezed out of the glomerular capillary bed
Resorption
b. Most nutrients, water ad essential ions are returned to the blood of the peritubular capillaries
Secretion
c. Moves additional undesirable molecules into tubule from blood of peritubular capillaries

23. Polycystic Kidney Disease
Cluster of fluid filled cysts develop on the kidneys. It is genetic and can be passed on
From generation to generation.

24. Draw, label and color Figure 17.2 (a) & (b) on page 471.

25. For studying Parts of the kidney:
2. Efferent vessel 3. Renal artery 4. Renal vein 5.
6. Renal pelvis 7. Ureter 8.
9. Renal capsule 10. Inferior renal capsule 11. Superior renal capsule 12. Afferent vessel 13. Nephron 14. Minor calyx 15. Major calyx 16. Renal papilla 17. Renal column