1. 4.1 Energy and Mineral Resources
Earth’s Resources
4.1 Energy and Mineral Resources

2. 4.1 Energy and Mineral Resources
Renewable resources can be replenished over fairly short spans of time, such as months, years, or decades.
Nonrenewable resources take millions of years to form and accumulate.

3. 4.1 Energy and Mineral Resources
Fossil fuels are hydrocarbons that may be used as fuel, including coal, oil, and natural gas.

4. Coal- 4 Stages of Formation
Starts as plant materials
Passes through 4 stages
1st – peat – partially decayed plant material that looks likes soil
2nd – lignite – a sedimentary rock that is often called brown coal

5. Coal
3rd – Bituminous – heat & pressure changes lignite to “soft coal” (sedimentary rock)
4th – Anthracite – more heat & pressure changes anthracite to “hard coal” (metamorphic rock)

6. How was coal formed?

8. HOW IS COAL USED TO MAKE ELECTRICITY?

9. Coal- Negative Effects on Environment
1. Mining scars land

10. How is Electricity made from Coal?

11. 2. Burning coal causes air pollution high in sulfur and creates acid rain

12. Petroleum & Natural Gas
Form from remains of plants and animals that were buried in ancient seas
Oil traps – trap oil
Found in sedimentary rock layers

13. Common Oil Traps

14. 4.1 Energy and Mineral Resources
Fuels derived from tar sand and oils shales could become good substitutes for dwindling petroleum supplies.

15. 4.1 Energy and Mineral Resources
Tar Sands
Similar to crude oil, but cannot be pumped out

16. 4.1 Energy and Mineral Resources
Draw backs for mining
Causes substantial land disturbance
Processing requires lots of water
When processes are complete, contaminated water and sediment accumulate in toxic disposal ponds