1. What is a solution?

2. What is a solution?
Terms

3. What is a solution? Terms Solute/solvent
The solute is the substance that gets
The solvent does the

4. What is a solution? Terms Solute/solvent
The solute is the substance that gets dissolved.
The solvent does the dissolving.

5. What is a solution? Terms Solute/solvent Soluble/insoluble
A substance that is can be dissolved.

6. What is a solution? Terms Solute/solvent Soluble/insoluble
A substance that is soluble can be dissolved.

7. What is a solution? Terms Solute/solvent Soluble/insoluble
Miscible/ immiscible
Miscible substances are that will dissolve in each other.

8. What is a solution? Terms Solute/solvent Soluble/insoluble
Miscible/ immiscible
Miscible substances are liquids that will dissolve in each other.

9. What is a solution? Terms Solute/solvent Soluble/insoluble
Miscible/ immiscible
Electrolytes/non-electrolytes
Electrolytes are liquids that are capable of conducting electricity.

10. What is a solution?
Types of solutions

11. What is a solution? Types of solutions Gaseous solutions
Air and other mixtures of gases

12. What is a solution? Types of solutions Gaseous solutions
Liquid solutions
In some cases water is the solvent. These are called ( ).

13. What is a solution? Types of solutions Gaseous solutions
Liquid solutions
In some cases water is the solvent. These are called (aqueous).

14. What is a solution? Types of solutions Gaseous solutions
Liquid solutions
Solid solutions
Combinations of solids. Some are homogenous mixtures of metals ( )

15. What is a solution? Types of solutions Gaseous solutions
Liquid solutions
Solid solutions
Combinations of solids. Some are homogenous mixtures of metals (alloys)

16. What is a solution?
Making a solution

17. What is a solution? Making a solution
Solute/solvent particles are separated.

18. What is a solution? Making a solution
Solute/solvent particles are separated.
Solvent particles are attracted to solute particles.
This is called solvation.
With the solvent this is called hydration

19. What is a solution? Making a solution
Solute/solvent particles are separated.
Solvent particles are attracted to solute particles.
This is called solvation.
With the solvent water this is called hydration

20. What is a solution? Making a solution
Solute/solvent particles are separated.
Solvent particles are attracted to solute particles.
‘Like dissolves like’

21. Polar/Non-polar Substances
Water
Carbon tetrachloride
Methanol
Toluene (paint thinner)
Ethanol
Hexane, heptane, octane
Acetic acid
Benzene
Acetone
Oil
Ionic compounds

22. What is a solution? Dissolving Ionic Compounds in H2O
Water is polar because it has two oppositely ends

23. What is a solution? Dissolving Ionic Compounds in H2O
Water is polar because it has two oppositely charged ends

24. What is a solution? Dissolving Ionic Compounds in H2O
Water is polar because it has two oppositely charged ends
The end of water is attracted to the anion
Anion = negative ion

25. What is a solution? Dissolving Ionic Compounds in H2O
Water is polar because it has two oppositely charged ends
The positive end of water is attracted to the anion
Anion = negative ion

26. What is a solution? Dissolving Ionic Compounds in H2O
The combined of water molecules overcomes the attractive force of solute.

27. What is a solution? Dissolving Ionic Compounds in H2O
The combined pull of water molecules overcomes the attractive force of solute.

28. What is a solution? Dissolving Ionic Compounds in H2O
The combined pull of water molecules overcomes the attractive force of solute.
The ionic compound is dissociated into individual ions.
Ex. NaCl (s) Na+ + Cl-

29. What is a solution?
Dissolving Molecular Compounds in H2O.

30. What is a solution? Dissolving Molecular Compounds in H2O.
Water’s charged ends are attracted to charged portions of solute.

31. What is a solution? Dissolving Molecular Compounds in H2O.
Water’s charged ends are attracted to charged portions of solute.
The solute is surrounded by water molecules.

32. What is a solution? Dissolving Molecular Compounds in H2O.
Water’s charged ends are attracted to charged portions of solute.
The solute is surrounded by water molecules.
The solute remains intact.

33. What is a solution? Rate of Solvation To speed up solvation. . .
solvation
Sat Unsat

34. What is a solution? Rate of Solvation To speed up solvation. . .
Stir/shake

35. What is a solution? Rate of Solvation To speed up solvation. . .
Stir/shake
Break apart solute

36. What is a solution? Rate of Solvation To speed up solvation. . .
Stir/shake
Break apart solute
Heat the solvent

37. Is it soluble?

38. Is it soluble?
Not all ionic compounds dissolve in water.

39. Is it soluble? Not all ionic compounds dissolve in water.
Solubility Table

40. Is it soluble? Not all ionic compounds dissolve in water.
Solubility Table
Writing physical states (in equations)
Insoluble = (s) for solid
Soluble = ______________

41. Is it soluble? Not all ionic compounds dissolve in water.
Solubility Table(on Ref. Table!)
Writing physical states (in equations)
Insoluble = (s) for solid
Soluble = (aq) for aqueous

42. Is it soluble? Not all ionic compounds dissolve in water.
Solubility Table
Writing physical states (in equations)
Solubility Rules

43. Is it soluble? Not all ionic compounds dissolve in water.
In reality, ionic compounds all dissolve in varying degrees.
Some compounds are very soluble while others are slightly soluble

44. Is it soluble? Not all ionic compounds dissolve in water.
In reality, ionic compounds all dissolve in varying degrees.
Solubility depends on ___________

45. Solubility Curve

46. Is it soluble? Not all ionic compounds dissolve in water.
In reality, ionic compounds all dissolve in varying degrees.
Solubility depends on temperature
Solubility depends on physical state

47. Is it soluble? Not all ionic compounds dissolve in water.
In reality, ionic compounds all dissolve in varying degrees.
Solubility depends on temperature
Solubility depends on physical state
Solubility of gas depends on pressure