1. Judicial Study Guide
Answer Key

2. Study Guide 1) Judicial Branch 2) Congress
3) The President appoints, The Senate Confirms
4) 9 Supreme Court Justices
5) Brett Kavanaugh, Samuel Alito, Stephen Breyer, Ruth Bader Ginsburg, Neil Gorsuch, Elena Kagan, Sonia Sotomayor, Clarence Thomas, John Roberts
6) Authority held by a court to be the first court to hear a particular case
7) Cases involving Ambassadors or a State
8) Authority held by a court to hear an appeal on a decided case.
9) In all cases except those that they have original jurisdiction
10) In the State the crime took place in
11) Treason
12) For Life (as long as “good behavior”)
13) Pay cannot be lowered
14) Courts checking laws and executive orders for constitutionality
15) Marbury v. Madison (1803)
16) Brown v. Board of Education (1954)
17) Roe v. Wade (1973)
18) United States v. Nixon (1974)

3. Study Guide (cont.) 19) Plessy v. Ferguson (1896)
20) Dred Scott v. Sandford (1857)
21) Gibbons v. Ogden (1824)
22) Obergefell v. Hodges (2015)
23) 14th Amendment
24) 4th Amendment
25) The use of Judicial Review to enact changes in Public Policy; effectively, using Judicial Review to create new laws
26) To interpret the Constitution strictly by what the writers meant at the time they wrote it. More common with Conservative judges.
27) The limits or territory in which authority may be exercised
28) an earlier event or action that is regarded as an example or guide to be considered
29) A group of peers who listen to evidence and determine guilt of the accused. This takes the ability to assign guilt out of the hands of one judge and increases the chance of a fair trial
30) Plaintiff is the person Suing or accusing. Defendant is the person being sued or accused.

4. Study Guide (cont.) 31) Chief Justice John Roberts
32) Associate Justice Ruth Bader Ginsburg
33) Associate Justice Clarence Thomas
34) Associate Justice Brett Kavanaugh
35) The Presumption of Innocence or “innocent until proven guilty”