1. The Microscope
Unit 1: Biology I Fall

2. History of the Microscope
The Hand Lens has been used for over 600 years
It was the first microscope used
It allowed people to magnify text and objects

3. First Compound Microscope
Developed in 1595, by the Janssen brothers and Galileo
Problem: images were blurred and had colored halos

4. The Father of Microscopy
Anthony von Leeuwenhoek
Apprentice in a dry goods store
First to see and describe
Bacteria
Yeast plants
The teeming life in a drop of water
The circulation of blood corpuscles in capillaries.

5. Simple Glass Magnifiers
More than 500 years ago.
In 1600s, this “simple microscope” allowed scientists to see cells and bacteria
Problem: not enough magnification

6. Simple Compound Microscope
Invented in 1660s by Robert Hooke
Problem: all images had red or blue “halos” around them

7. Modern Compound Microscope
1900s, started using iron instead of brass (cheaper)
Only one eyepiece (monocular)
Outside light source reflected onto mirror
Very functional
Still used today

8. ← Base The bottom of the microscope, used for support
Hold this part with one hand when carrying a microscope ←

9. Mirror
Reflects the light so the specimen is easier to see ←

10. ← Stage The flat platform where you place your slides.
It has a hole in it so light can shine through ←

11. Clip
Shiny clips on the top of the stage
Holds a slide in place ←

12. ← Arm Supports the tube and connects it to the base
The part you hold when you carry the microscope ←

13. → Coarse Adjustment Large, round knob on the side of the microscope
Either moves the stage or the top part of the microscope up and down →

14. → Fine Adjustment Small, round knob on the side of the microscope
Used to fine tune the focus after using the coarse adjustment knob. →

15. Eyepiece →
The lens at the top that you look through.
10X power

16. Body Tube
The long tube that holds the eyepiece and connects the objective →

17. Nosepiece
Rotating part of the microscope at the bottom of the body tube.
It holds the objective lenses ←

18. → High Power Objective The longest objective lens
The highest magnification
40X lens (40X x 10X = 400X magnification) →

19. ← Low Power Objective The shortest objective lens
The lowest magnification
4X lens (4X x 10X = 40X magnification) ←

20. ← Mid Power Objective The medium length objective lens
The medium magnification
10X lens (10X x 10X = 100X magnification) ←

21. Diaphragm
Controls the amount of light going through the hole in the stage →

22. Eyepiece
Body Tube
Revolving Nosepiece
Arm
Objective Lens
Stage
Stage Clips
This is the exact version of the microscope used in class. Students will be identifying the parts on the microscopes at their desks as we go along and what their functions are.
Coarse Focus
Diaphragm
Fine Focus
Light
Base