1. Goal Three: Crisis, Civil War, and Reconstruction ( ) - The learner will analyze the issues that led to the Civil War, the effects of the war, and the impact of Reconstruction on the nation. Objectives: Analyze the political, economic, and social impact of Reconstruction on the nation and identify the reasons why Reconstruction came to an end Evaluate the degree to which the Civil War and Reconstruction proved to be a test of the supremacy of the national government.
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2. Reconstruction (1865-77) Goal 3
15th Amendment
Hiram Revels
Republican promises
Sharecropping
Tenant Farmers
Scalawags
Carpetbaggers
Segregation
Amnesty Act
Redemption
1876 Election
Literacy Exams
Reconstruction
Government views
Thaddeus Stevens
Andrew Johnson
13th Amendment
Freedman’s Bureau
Black Codes
Republican Majority (1866)
Civil Rights Act, 1866
14th Amendment
Reconstruction Act, 1867
Tenure of Office Act
Impeachment
Ulysses S. Grant ( )
Black Vote
Poll Taxes
Grandfather Clause
Solid South
Jim Crow Laws
Plessy v. Ferguson, 1896
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3. Pass in your Blue book activity. Get a computer.
Get out your study guide notes.
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4. Reconstruction
This was a period of time after the war to rebuild the South.
What was the country going to do with 4 million free blacks?
What should be done with the south?
Who controls Reconstruction: President or Congress?
Congress eventually wins Control after the 1866 elections. 53
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5. Control
Congress and the President argued over who would control Reconstruction but both agreed that slavery should be abolished. 39
Who makes laws
& controls funding?
Who enforces laws
& conducts
the military?
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6. Power Struggle Government Views
The President supported an easy Reconstruction; Andrew Johnson favored quick return of the south
The Radical Republican controlled Congress wanted a harsh Reconstruction 40
They both agreed on abolition
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7. Andrew Johnson 56a President Former Democrat
People were not sure who he would support; Democrats or Republicans
Southerners called him a traitor
Republicans thought he was on their side
They were both wrong
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8. 13th Amendment
41a
Johnson passed the 13th Amendment as Lincoln had wanted
Abolished slavery
Johnson then said if southern states accepted this, they could re-enter the Union
Republicans said this was too easy
By 1865, states began to send representatives to Congress; many had served in the Confederate Army and Congress
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9. Freedman’s Bureau 42 Set up to help free blacks and poor whites
Food, clothing, hospitals, education
It was later vetoed by Johnson
Republicans saw him as protecting Southerners
A primary school opened
w/ Bureau funding.
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10. 2006

11. 43
Designed to limit blacks socially and economically in the South
Many didn’t know what they would do after the war; many just drifted
This upset white southerners
Black Codes
Allowed marriages
Property ownership
Right to sue (not whites)
Can’t be on a jury
Can’t carry weapons
Can’t marry whites
Curfews
Travel Permits
Has nothing to do with voting rights
Black Codes
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12. More changes...
Republican Majority: Republicans gained a majority in Congress in 1866
Why is this important?
Could override a presidential veto 44
VETO
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13. Civil Rights Act, 1866 59
Stated that all natural born citizens (except Native Americans) had full citizenship rights.
Attacked the black codes
Had to be reinforced with an amendment because states were not enforcing it
What Amendment?
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14. 14th Amendment 41B They would later pass the 14th Amendment
Anyone born in America is a citizen (former slaves)
Allows due process of law
Not approved by the states until 1868
Johnson advised the southern states not to support it
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15. Reconstruction Act, 1867 45 Divided the south into military districts
Congress was in power
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16. Punish the South Radical Republicans want to punish the south 2006
I will not secede
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17. WHY??? Southerners were upset at the military occupation and wondered:
What else do we have to do?
We lost the war
We gave up our slaves
They couldn’t accept equality
Union troops had to protect blacks as they went to the polls to vote
Johnson tried to veto it; Congress overrode it
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18. Impeachment
After Johnson’s acts, the Radicals pushed for impeachment
They made a law to trap him…
Tenure of Office Act said Johnson couldn’t fire anyone in his cabinet without Congressional approval; he did
This was a violation of checks and balances
He didn’t like the Sec. Of War (who supported the Radicals), Johnson fired his Sec. of War
The trial began
Who brings up the Articles of Impeachment?
Who holds the trial?
2\3 of the Senate needed to impeach
The Senate missed convicting Johnson by one vote
Johnson stayed in power 62 46
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19. Ulysses S. Grant (1869-77) 56b Republican
Won the 1868 election (War hero)
The black vote was important in the election of 1868
Blacks voted Republican
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20. 15th Amendment 41C Cannot be denied the right to vote based on race
Nothing about gender in there
41C
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21. Hiram Revels: First black Senator; from Mississippi Took the seat of Jefferson Davis
Even though blacks could vote, there were still few representatives in states with large black populations
Radicals were blamed for giving the “illiterate” or “ignorant” vote
Nothing in the Constitution says you must know how to read to vote 58
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22. Political cartoon like
Who would publish a
Political cartoon like
this?
“Colored Rule is a Reconstructed (?) state.”
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23. Republican Promises
Radical Republicans wanted to redistribute the land taken from the big plantation owners
They promised freedmen 40 acres and a mule
Republicans wanted political, not economic equality for blacks
Much of their concern came from the want of black votes
Who won the war????
64-65
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24. Sharecropping\Tenant Farming
Sharecropping: work the land and harvest crops; give 2\3 of crop to master (rent) and freedman keeps 1\3
They would be able to sell this for a profit and eventually save enough money to buy their own land
It won’t work!!!!
Tenant farming: this was renting the land from someone
You still don’t own the land 60
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25. Same as it ever was!!!
Many freedmen had no place to go and plantation owners had no workers
Many times you would end up working for your former masters, but you aren’t their slave any longer
It just feels like you are a slave under the sharecropping system
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26. Scalawags and Carpetbaggers
Scalawags (scoundrel)
White southerners who joined the Republican party
Carpetbaggers
Northerners who moved to the south after the war
Some to help; others to take advantage 61
Carpetbaggers
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27. Segregation
Also brought about segregation: division of blacks and whites by law or by location
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28. Lasted 5 years Economic problems blamed on Grant
Depression of 1873
Lasted 5 years
Economic problems blamed on Grant
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29. Grafts
The New South
Many Northern companies rebuilding the south took bribes for contracts called grafts
One Carpetbagger, who earned $8000 a year salary, made over $100,000 in a year
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30. Whites Can’t Accept It Many whites couldn’t take equality in the south
They had been taught since birth that blacks were inferior
Some turned to terrorism (KKK)
Began as a way to discourage Freedmen Meetings
Ghosts of the Confederacy
Founder left after it got too violent
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31. Congress passed the law
Force Acts
Congress passed the law
In areas where Klan violence appeared against blacks; troops sent to protect blacks
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32. 2006

33. Coming back to power...
Amnesty Act: returning the right to vote and hold office to some former Confederate leaders
One by one, former leaders began to come back to power
Redemption or “Redeemers”: former Democrats coming back to antebellum positions
Who won the war?
The same people that were in power before the war were in the charge after the war
Radical Republicans began to lose power and lost interest in the black vote
Many believed Blacks should take care of themselves
63 & 68
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34. Between Rutherford B. Hayes (Rep) and
1876 Election
Between Rutherford B. Hayes (Rep) and
Samuel J. Tilden (Dem)
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35. “Tilden or Blood!” (the South would
Fight again if Tilden was not elected.)
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36. Hayes
Election of 1876
Tilden had the majority of the popular vote and there was no majority in the electoral vote
20 electoral votes were in dispute
A deal was made between the Democrats and Republicans
Compromise of 1877
Hayes becomes President (Republican)
Troops taken out of the south
Democrat in Hayes’ cabinet
This ends Reconstruction
47-48, 56c
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37. Black Vote As blacks voted less, whites made gains in government
Laws were created to keep blacks from voting all together
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38. The Right to Vote? Literacy Exam: had to pass a literacy exam to vote
Created by southern states
Hard questions
Oral exams
Democrats got easier questions
Poll Tax: had to pay a tax to vote
Only a few dollars
Change times to collect and price
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39. Grandfather Clause
Poor whites were also being affected by the poll tax and literacy exam
Grandfather clause allowed whites to vote
If your grandfather could vote before the Civil War, then you could vote
Even if you couldn’t pay the poll tax or pass the literacy exam
Declared unconstitutional in 1915
                                       
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40. SOLID SOUTH
Since many blacks were denied the right to vote, whites gained control of southern politics and most voted Democrat
                                          67
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41. Segregation laws & “Separate but equal” laws
Jim Crow Laws 50
Segregation laws & “Separate but equal” laws
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42. Plessy v. Ferguson, 1896
Plessy was a black man who sued because he was denied a seat on a train reserved for whites
He said black and white train cars were not equal
Supreme Court said it was equal
Separate but equal (segregation) is legal
Things were not equal 51
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43. Did Reconstruction Work?
NO:
Poll taxes and literacy exams limit voting rights
Black codes limit freedmen
Little support for economic reforms to aid freedmen
Many worked for former white masters under sharecropping
YES:
The slaves were freed
Freedmen given more rights
Legally recognized marriages
Own land
Voting rights
Citizenship
In some ways it did work and in other ways it didn’t
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44. Quiz
During reconstruction, who controlled most of the rebuilding of the country: President or Congress?
What political party led the attack on the South during Reconstruction?
What president fought with Congress over reconstruction?
What agency was set up to provide food, clothing, and education to poor whites & freed slaves?
What promise did Republicans give freedmen in order to help get their votes?
The 1876 election was between what two people?
What legislation effectively ends Reconstruction?
What is the name of the tax which limited freedmen’s ability to vote?
What is the name where whites gained control of southern politics and most voted Democrat?
What are Jim Crow Laws?
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