1. Benchmark III Finals Review

2. People, Terms, Places to know . . .
Plato – Greek philosopher who thought that philosophers should be king – cities will never have rest from their evils Montesquieu – believed in separation of powers; helped influence the U.S. to divide government into three different branches Declaration of Independence – marks the beginning of the American Revolution; written based on ideas from John Locke; Enlightenment Magna Carta – established to protect feudal rights; later would guarantee the rights of all English people

3. People, Terms, Places to know . . .
John Locke – influenced Enlightenment thought; believed in natural rights Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen – document issued by National Assembly of France; guaranteed rights of man Principle cause of the French Revolution – social and societal inequities between the different groups in French society – know the different estates and who’s in them French (Third Estate) – made up of commoners, but included the middle class (bourgeoisie)

4. People, Terms, Places to know . . .
Maximilien Robespierre – leader of the Committee of Public Safety England enclosure movement – helped to industrialize England Louis Pasteur – Frenchman proposed the germ theory of disease – important to development of modern medical practices (health) James Watt – Scottish scientist made advancement in steam engines Berlin Conference – set the stage for European nations to turn Africa into colonies

5. 1. How did Stalin plan to move Russia ahead in industry?
He created the 5 year plan

6. 2. Who was Stalin’s chief political rival in the 1920s?
Trotsky

7. 3. What were the Soviets prior to the Bolshevik Revolution?
They were a council composed of representatives from the workers and soldiers – largely made up of socialists representing the lower classes

8. 4. What was the Gulag – it’s purpose?
The Gulag was created by Lenin and carried on by Stalin – it was a forced labor camp system. People were sent there if they resisted Communist ideas/government ideas.

9. 5. Who gained control of Russia after Lenin passed away?
Stalin

10. 6. What was the 5 year plan? What did it do for Russia?
Purpose was to transform Russia overnight from an agricultural country to an industrialized country. Government controlled all aspects of the plan.

11. 7. What were collective farms?
A system in which private farms were eliminated. Government owned all of the land while the peasants worked it.

12. 8. What was the Red Terror?
Started by the secret police in Russia – aimed at the destruction of all those who opposed the new regime. Similar to the Reign of Terror in the French Revolution. Added an element of fear to the Communist regime.

13. 9. What was Bloody Sunday?
Peaceful demonstration of Russian workers on the Winter Palace in Troops fired on the crowd, killed hundreds – caused workers throughout Russia to strike.

14. 10. Why did Germany send Lenin back to Russia?
Germany hoped to create disorder in Russia by sending Lenin back; also wanted Russia out of WWI.

15. 11. How did Cheka (secret police) help Lenin gain control of Russia?
Used as a means to terrorize the Russian people – to destroy all those who opposed the new Russian government

16. 12. What did Lenin hope that the Russian Revolution of 1917 would do for Russia?
He hoped that it would inspire/incite similar socialist rebellions throughout Europe

17. 13. How did Lenin deal with those Russians who opposed him?
Used the secret police (Cheka) and the Gulag (work camps) to get rid of those who opposed him and the Russian regime

18. 14. Who was Karl Marx? What was he famous for?
Known as the father of Communism. Wrote the Communist Manifesto – believed that the new industrial economy of capitalism would be defeated through a workers’ revolution. Wealth would be distributed equally among all workers.

19. 15. What or who was the proletariat?
They were the working class; a word popularized by Karl Marx

20. 16. List all of the M.A.I.N causes of WWI
Militarism Alliance System Imperialism Nationalism

21. 17. Why did Serbians from Bosnia hate Archduke Ferdinand?
Serbs were ruled by the Ottoman Empire which was a rival of the Austria-Hungary empire. Archduke Ferdinand was the heir to the Austro-Hungarian throne who was disliked by the Ottoman Empire.