1. Bell Work What does abnormal mean? Is abnormality a bad thing?
Give an example of something psychological that may be abnormal

2. Abnormality

3. What is Abnormality?
Behavior that is atypical, disturbing, maladaptive, and unjustifiable.

4. Causes of Abnormality by Theory
Psychological School/Perspective
Cause of the Disorder
Psychoanalytic/Psychodynamic
Internal, unconscious drives
Humanistic
Failure to strive to one’s potential or being out of touch with one’s feelings.
Behavioral
Reinforcement history, the environment.
Cognitive
Irrational, dysfunctional thoughts or ways of thinking.
Sociocultural
Dysfunctional Society
Biomedical/Neuroscience
Organic problems, biochemical imbalances, genetic predispositions.

5. How to Diagnose
The DSM-V. (Diagnostic Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders)
Classifies disorders & defines symptoms
Does not explain cause/therapy

6. Somatoform Disorders

7. Somatoform Disorders
Individual manifests psychological problems through physiological symptoms…

8. Hypochondriasis Frequent physical complaints w/ no known cause
Believe minor issues are indicative of severe illness.

9. Conversion Disorder
Report existence of severe physical problems w/ no biological reason.
Blindness/paralysis

10. Dissociative Disorders
These disorders involve a disruption in the conscious process.

11. Psychogenic Amnesia
A person cannot remember things with no physiological basis for the disruption in memory.
Dissociative Fugue
People with psychogenic amnesia that find themselves in an unfamiliar environment.

12. Dissociative Identity Disorder
Used to be known as Multiple Personality Disorder.
People with DID commonly have a history of childhood abuse or trauma.

13. Other Disorders

14. ADHD 9 innatentive symptoms 9 hyperactive/impulsive symptoms
Must display between 6-9 of each
Adults need 5+
Cultural influence?
France – 3.5%, US = 9%
Boys v. Girls permitted behavior.

15. Autism Spectrum Disorder
Difficulties in social communication/interaction
Restricted/repetitive behavior, interests, or activities
Symptoms present in early developmental (diagnosed later)
  Symptoms cause clinically significant impairment
 These disturbances are not better explained by intellectual disability

16. Wrap Up What is typical of somatoform disorders?
How are ASD and ADHD classified as “abnormal”?