1. The Nervous System

2. The nervous system is made of 2 parts:
The CNS (central nervous system)
Consists of the brain and spinal cord

3. The PNS (peripheral nervous system)
consists of nerves outside the brain and spinal cord

4. The Central Nervous System Brain
The brain is a large mass of neurons located in the cranial cavity and is protected by the skull and 3 tough layers called the meninges
Fluid called cerebrospinal fluid is found between the layers to further protect the brain

5. Parts of the Brain Cerebrum- large folded part of the brain
It is the center for voluntary action
Where sensory impulses are interpreted
Where motor activities are initiated
Where thinking, memory and reasoning occur

6. Cerebellum Lower back part of the brain
Coordinates motor activities and helps to maintain balance

7. Medulla Oblongata Located below the cerebellum
Controls involuntary activity like:
Breathing, sneezing, heartbeat, blood pressure, coughing, peristalsis

8. Spinal Cord Carries impulses between the brain and the body
It is protected by the vertebrae
It is the center for reflex action

9. The Peripheral Nervous System
Has 2 parts:
The somatic:
Controls voluntary muscles

10. The autonomic controls involuntary muscles of the heart, digestive tract , diaphragm etc.

11. The autonomic nervous system has 2 parts:
Sympathetic : accelerates body activities
Parasympathetic : slows down body activities

12. Malfunctions of the Nervous System
Cerebral palsy
Damage to motor centers of the brain before or during birth ; causes poor muscle coordination and speech difficulties

13. Meningitis
Inflammation of the membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord
Can be viral or bacterial

14. Stroke
Damage to the nerves in a particular part of the brain due to blockage or rupture of blood vessels, which prevents oxygen from reaching the brain cells
May result in paralysis, memory or speech loss or blindness

15. Polio Viral disease of the nervous system May cause paralysis
Prevented by immunization

16. Type:
JPG