1. Unit 2: culture of gender and sexuality
APHG

2. Sexual Identity, Gender Identity and Sexual Orientation
Sex vs. Gender
Sex is biological, determined by chromosomes, hormones, reproductive structures
Gender is more complex-includes physical attributes, interactions between sexual traits and a person’s sense of self (their presentation to the world)
Sexual Identity-acceptance of a person’s biological sex at birth
Gender Identity-requires a socialization process, degree of acceptance or discomfort which an adult or perceived adult manifests in terms of behavioral and emotional characteristics; also involves the interaction of this person within culture itself.
Individuals who do not identify within the constraints of the heteronormative structure of society, may change their sexual identity or sexual orientation

3. Sexual Orientation
Defined-biological sex of who an individual is attracted to
Heterosexual-attracted to opposite biological sex
Homosexual-those of the same biological sex
Bisexual-equally attracted to both sexes

4. Culture Shapes Acceptance
Gender Identity has a strong connection with division of labor within culture. Has feminism had an impact on gender roles and gender identity? Has the change in gender roles and gender identities led to an acceptance of alternative lifestyles (sexual orientation)?
Traditional Roles of Gender (U.S. 1950’s) vs. New Role of Gender (current)

5. Acceptance Shapes the Landscape
Gendered Spaces- areas in which particular genders, particular types of gender expressions are either considered welcome or inappropriate
Less Developed Countries- lands, crops are assigned to specific genders
More Developed Countries-Public vs. Private (men vs. women)
Ex. Bathrooms, Boy Scouts, nail salons, hair salon
Sex Spaces- LGBTQ-friendly, Sex Friendly
Pink spending- gay-friendly stores within the landscape
Queer Theory- homosexuals have power in number and therefore, influence the cultural landscape of an area and possibly politics of a given area
Zones of Vice-areas that are accepting of alternative lifestyles and behaviors (Red Light Districts, Gay Bars, brothels, streetwalking)
San Francisco, Amsterdam, New York City, Las Vegas, Berlin, Paris, Atlanta

6. Pink Spending and Queer Theory

7. Gay Marriage and Cultural Acceptance around the World

8. Geography and Sexuality: A Map of Same Sex Couples

9. Homosexuality Illegal

10. Gender Issues Around the World
Lack of access to education for women-2/3rds of world illiterate population are women
Lack of equal pay-U.S. women earn .81/$1 for men
Gender Genocide-80% of refugees are women
Child Marriage-64 million child brides (46% in S. Asia, 41% in Sub-Saharan Africa)
Early pregnancy-maternal mortality, infant mortality
Poverty-70% of impoverished are women
Prostitution and Sex Trafficking-fastest growing criminal enterprise in the world (98% of victims are women)
Domestic violence
Depression
Lack of involvement in politics-<20% of politicians worldwide are women
Objectification, exploitation, misrepresentation of women
Stigma against feminism

11. Sex Trafficking Prostitution
Atlanta-hub of Sex-Trafficking ($290 million/year)/$32,000 (per week)
Sex Tourism-focus on attraction of tourists for events and those tourists are provided services.
Prostitution is legal or restricted in MDCs; illegal in LDCs