1. Lesson Objectives: CHAPTER 22: Section 1 - Moving Toward Conflict
Standard Addressed: Students analyze U.S Foreign policy since World War II.
CH 22-SEC-1
Lesson Objectives: CHAPTER 22: Section 1 - Moving Toward Conflict
1. Summarize Vietnam’s history as a French colony and its struggle for independence.
2. Examine how the United States became involved in the Vietnam conflict.
3. Describe the expansion of U.S. military involvement under President Johnson.

2. QUIZ!
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CH-22-1

3. A BULLDOG ALWAYS
CARES
Commitment
Attitude
Respect
Encouragement
Safety

4. Moving Toward Conflict
The Vietnam War Years
The United States becomes locked in a military stalemate in Southeast Asia. U.S. forces withdraw after a decade of heavy war casualties abroad and assassinations and antiwar demonstrations at home.
Section 1
Moving Toward Conflict
To stop the spread of communism in Southeast Asia, the United States uses its military to support South Vietnam.
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6. Moving Toward Conflict
America Supports France in Vietnam
French Rule in Vietnam
• Late 1800s–WW II, France rules most of Indochina
• Ho Chi Minh—leader of Vietnamese independence movement
- helps create Indochinese Communist Party
• 1940, Japanese take control of Vietnam
• Vietminh—organization that aims to rid Vietnam of foreign rule
• carried out thousands of assassinations of South Vietnamese government officials.
• Sept. 1945, Ho Chi Minh declares Vietnam an independent nation
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7. Ho Chi Minh declares Vietnam independent!!!
France Returns!!
September 1945
Ho Chi Minh declares Vietnam independent!!!

8. Vietnam’s Independence
Guided Reading:
1. What did the Vietminh declare as its main goal?
Vietnam’s Independence

9. 1880s – WWII France ruled Indochina

11. That Vietnam was an independent nation
Guided Reading:
Guided Reading:
Guided Reading:
2. What did Ho chi Minh declare after Japan was forced out?
That Vietnam was an independent nation

12. 1950, U.S. begins economic aid to France to stop communism
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13. Ho Chi Minh Will fight from the North

14. Vowed to fight from North Vietnam to liberate the South.
Guided Reading:
Guided Reading:
Guided Reading:
3. How did Ho Chi Minh respond to the return of the French?
Vowed to fight from North Vietnam to liberate the South.

15. MAIN IDEA QUESTIONS
A – How and why did the United States support France’s Vietnam War efforts?
The US provided France with economic and military support.
The goals were to keep France as an ally and to keep communism from spreading.

17. Guided Reading:
Guided Reading:
4. Whom did the U.S. support?
France

18. America Supports France in Vietnam
President Truman provides $15 million in military & financial aid
By 1954 the U.S. is paying 80% of French war costs
No U.S. combat troops

19. Economic aid (for military purposes)
Guided Reading:
Guided Reading:
5. What aid did the U.S. provide?
Economic aid
(for military purposes)

20. The Vietminh Drive Out the French
• Domino theory—countries can fall to communism like row of dominoes
• 1954, Vietminh overrun French at Dien Bien Phu; France surrenders
• Geneva Accords divide Vietnam at 17th parallel; Communists get north
• Election to unify country called for in 1956
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21. The Domino Theory led countries to believe that if one fell the rest would fall too.

22. To prevent another Asian country from becoming Communist.
Guided Reading:
Guided Reading:
6. Why did the U.S. get involved in the struggle?
To prevent another Asian country from becoming Communist.

24. Eisenhower Supports Diem

25. Countries verging on communism
Guided Reading:
Guided Reading:
7. What did Eisenhower compare to a row of dominos?
Countries verging on communism

26. Battle of Dien Bien Phu 1954 French troops defeated at Dien Bien Phu
America Supports France in Vietnam

27. Surrendered; pulled out of Vietnam.
Guided Reading:
Guided Reading:
8. What did this Vietminh victory cause the French to do?
Surrendered;
pulled out of Vietnam.

28. Geneva Accords (1954) peace settlement
Temporary division of Vietnam at the 17th parallel
Ho Chi Minh governs the North from Hanoi
Anti-communist regime governs the South from Saigon
France must withdraw its troops in S. Vietnam
1956 democratic elections to unite country under one gov’t

29. Divided it along the 17th parallel.
Guided Reading:
Guided Reading:
9. How did the Geneva Accords change Vietnam?
Divided it along
the 17th parallel.

30. The United States Steps In
Diem Cancels Elections
Ho has brutal, repressive regime but is popular for land distribution
S. Vietnam’s anti-Communist president Ngo Dinh Diem refuses election
U.S. promises military aid for stable, reform government in South
Diem corrupt, stifles opposition, restricts Buddhism
• Vietcong (Communist opposition group in South) kills officials
Ho sends arms to Vietcong along Ho Chi Minh Trail
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32. HO Chi Minh (North Vietnam)
Communist
Redistributed land to the peasants
Brutal & repressive
Supported by the Soviet Union & China
Popular support in North Vietnam
Fought the French, Japanese and Americans for an independent Vietnam

33. Ngo Dinh Diem (South Vietnam)
Anti-communist
Devout catholic, restricted Buddhist practices
Corrupt & suppressed opposition
Cancelled the 1956 democratic elections
Supported by the U.S.

34. MAIN IDEA QUESTIONS
B – Why did the United States support canceling elections?
Because it appeared that Ho Chi Minh would win the election and possibly unify Vietnam under communism

35. President Diem(S.V.), with U.S. support;
Guided Reading:
Guided Reading:
10. Who cancelled the Vietnamese elections? Why?
President Diem(S.V.), with U.S. support;
b/c feared that ho Chi Minh (N.V) and the Communist would win.

36. 675 U.S. Army advisors sent by 1960.
Kennedy and Vietnam
Like Eisenhower, JFK backs Diem financially; sends military advisers
Diem’s popularity plummets from corruption, lack of land reform
675 U.S. Army advisors sent by 1960.
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37. Repressive dictatorial rule by Diem
Diem’s family holds all power
Wealth is hoarded by the elite
Buddhist majority persecuted
Torture, lack of political freedom prevail

38. Repressive dictatorial rule by Diem
Diem starts the policy
strategic hamlet program
Is designed to fight the growing popularity of the Vietcong
villagers resent being moved from ancestral homes

39. Repressive dictatorial rule by Diem
Self-Emolation by a Buddhist Monk
Diem presses attacks on Buddhism; monks burn themselves in protest

40. MAIN IDEA QUESTIONS C – Why was the Diem regime unpopular?
Corruption, repressive tactics, and persecution of Buddhists.

41. Nguyen Van Thieu Assasinates/ replaces Ngo Dinh Diem
U.S.-supported military coup topples government; Diem assassinated
In order to obtain a more popular leader to unite the South Vietnamese against communism, President Kennedy agreed to allow the CIA to provide a group of South Vietnamese generals with $40,000 to carry out a coup to eliminate Ngo Dinh Diem.
With the promise that US forces would make no attempt to protect Diem, the Vietnamese generals assassinated him.

42. President Johnson Expands the Conflict
The South Grows More Unstable
Succession of military leaders rule S. Vietnam; country unstable
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43. LBJ thinks U.S. can lose international prestige if communists win

44. President Johnson Expands the Conflict
Aug – Gulf of Tonkin Resolution gives President Johnson war like powers w/o a declaration of war.

45. The Tonkin Gulf Resolution
Alleged attack in Gulf of Tonkin; LBJ asks for power to repel enemy
1964 Tonkin Gulf Resolution gives him broad military powers

46. 1965 - 8 Americans killed, LBJ orders sustained bombing of North
U.S. combat troops sent to S. Vietnam to battle Vietcong
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47. V. President Johnson Expands the Conflict
March 1965 – 1st American “combat” troops begin arriving in S. Vietnam
June 1965 – 50,000 U.S. soldiers were battling the Vietcong
Dec – 180,000 American “combat” troops in Vietnam fighting the Vietcong
61% of Americans favor U.S./Vietnam policy
Dec – U.S. troop levels in Vietnam climb to 500,000

48. MAIN IDEA QUESTIONS
D – How did the Tonkin Gulf Resolution lead to greater involvement in the Vietnam War?
It gave Johnson wide authority to widen the war.

49. Broad military powers in Vietnam.
Guided Reading:
Guided Reading:
11. What authority did the Tonkin Gulf Resolution grant to the U.S. president?
Broad military powers in Vietnam.

50. Feb. 1965 – The 1st sustained U. S
Feb – The 1st sustained U.S. bombing of Vietnam begins w/ Operation Rolling Thunder

51. 1st bombing of North Vietnam
Guided Reading:
Guided Reading:
12. What did operation Rolling Thunder do in North Vietnam?
1st bombing of North Vietnam

52. QUIZ!
Fill in your
ID NUMBER!
First & Last Name
CH-22-1